Programming PHP

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Table 4-1. Escape sequences in double-quoted strings Escape sequence Character represented \" Double quotes \n Newline \r Carriage return \t Tab \\ Backslash \$ Dollar sign \{ Left brace \} Right brace \[ Left bracket \] Right bracket \0 through \777 ASCII character represented by octal value \x0 through \xFF ASCII character represented by hex value If an unknown escape sequence (i.e., a backslash followed by a character that is not one of those in Table 4-1) is found in a double-quoted string literal, it is ignored (if you have the warning level E_NOTICE set, a warning is generated for such unknown escape sequences): $str = "What is \c this?"; // unknown escape sequence echo $str ; What is \c this? Here Documents You can easily put multiline strings into your program with a heredoc, as follows: $clerihew =
As a special case, you can put a semicolon after the terminating identifier to end the statement, as shown in the previous code. If you are using a heredoc in a more complex expression, you need to continue the expression on the next line, as shown here: printf(
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
Page 23 and 24: change. Constants are referred to b
Page 25 and 26: PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
Page 27 and 28: • The empty string ("") and the s
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
Page 31 and 32: The old value of $black is lost. In
Page 33 and 34: update_counter( ); update_counter(
Page 35 and 36: Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
Page 37 and 38: The division and multiplication ope
Page 39 and 40: Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
Page 41 and 42: Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
Page 43 and 44: something is true. For example, you
Page 45 and 46: Because all operators are required
Page 47 and 48: if The if statement checks the trut
Page 49 and 50: A switch statement is given an expr
Page 51 and 52: if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
Page 53 and 54: This program adds the numbers from
Page 55 and 56: loops, and complain if the file bei
Page 57 and 58: XML Style Because of the advent of
Page 59 and 60: and other such niceties. Some will
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
Page 63 and 64: Typically, functions return some va
Page 65 and 66: As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
Page 67 and 68: Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
Page 69 and 70: Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
Page 71 and 72: Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
Page 73: echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
Page 77 and 78: • A padding specifier denoting th
Page 79 and 80: Boolean values and NULL are not mea
Page 81 and 82: Changing Case PHP has several funct
Page 83 and 84: The quote_style and charset argumen
Page 85 and 86: Query-string encoding The urlencode
Page 87 and 88: The comparison operators (=) also w
Page 89 and 90: The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
Page 91 and 92: The str_repeat( ) function takes a
Page 93 and 94: print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
Page 95 and 96: The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
Page 97 and 98: These three kinds of patterns can b
Page 99 and 100: Subpatterns You can use parentheses
Page 101 and 102: Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
Page 103 and 104: Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
Page 105 and 106: Character Classes Perl-style regula
Page 107 and 108: Trailing Options Perl-style regular
Page 109 and 110: A simple use of positive lookahead
Page 111 and 112: For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
Page 113 and 114: Pass an array of strings as subject
Page 115 and 116: Quoting for regular expressions The
Page 117 and 118: Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
Page 119 and 120: array is almost always a programmer
Page 121 and 122: Two or more consecutive commas in t
Page 123 and 124: echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
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strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
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strtr string strtr(string string, s
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tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
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unregister_tick_function void unreg
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wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
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old versions of aspell, you should
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DBM For very simple database instal
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Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
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mcrypt This extension provides an i
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pdflib pdflib provides support for
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Sybase This extension provides supp
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Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
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| (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
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aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
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checksums mhash library, 464 valida
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cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
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DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
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System V Semaphores and Shared memo
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calling, 61 for each array element,
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H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
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interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
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masks, using in string searches, 94
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serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
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pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
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with echo, 76 with print() function
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S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
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sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
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tan() function, 451 target encoding
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function parameters, 33 functions f
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xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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Programming PHP

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