Programming PHP

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eval() function, security risks of, 294 event-based XML parsing, 266 Excel accessing data with ODBC PHP, 368 configuring DSN with ODBC PHP, 367 limitations as database, 369–371 reading and writing files with PHP COM, 366 Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) extension, 328, 460 exec() function, 396 security risks with shell commands, 295 execute() method, 198 executeMultiple() method, 198 execution (`) operator, 46 execution time, optimizing, 312 Executor Globals (EG), 344 EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) extension, 328, 460 exit statements, 54 exp() function, 396 expiration, PHP session ID cookies, 184 Expires header, 176 explode() function, 91, 397 expressions, 34–46 autoincrementing and autodecrementing, 39 empty, 53 in for loop, 52 ternary conditional operator, using on, 48 extends keyword, 145 Extensible Markup Language (see XML) Extensible Stylesheet Language (see XSL) Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (see XSLT) extension_loaded() function, 397 extensions, 457–469 Apache, 457 aspell, 457 BCMath, 458 bzip2 compression, 458 calendar, 458 CCVS, 458 clibpdf, 458 close or shutdown function, triggering resource cleanup, 29 COM, 459 ctype library, 459 CURL, 459 Cybercash, 459 CyberMUT, 459 dBase, 459 482 | Index DBM, 460 dbx, 460 DOM XML, 460 dynamically loading, 393 EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format), 328, 460 FDF (Forms Data Format), 461 filePro, 461 FriBiDi, 461 FTP, 461 functions provided by, getting, 406 GD graphics library, 215 gettext, 461 GNU MP, 461 iconv, 462 IMAP, POP, and NNTP, 462 Imlib2, 216 Informix, 462 Ingres II databases, 462 InterBase, 463 IRC gateway, 463 Java, 463 Kerberos, 463 loaded, getting names of, 407 mhash, 464 Microsoft SQL Server, 464 Ming library (Flash movies), 464 mnoGoSearch, 464 MySQL, 465 ODBC, 465 Oracle, 465 Ovrimos SQL, 465 PDF, 233 checking whether installed, 302 pdflib, 466 PEAR DB, 197, 202 accessing databases with, 189, 192 class and object methods, 192 database performance and, 189 getting data from query results, 195 for PHP on Windows, 354 platform-specific, 359 PostgreSQL, 466 pspell, 466 Readline, 466 Recode, 467 Satellite CORBA Client, 467 shmop, 467 SNMP, 467 sockets, 467 SWF (Shockwave Flash), 467 Sybase, 468 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
System V Semaphores and Shared memory, 468 vpopmail, 468 WDDX, 468 writing in C for PHP, 317–350 architectural overview, 317 command-line PHP, 319 compiling, 325 config.m4 file, 327–329 creating variables, 345–347 developers mailing list, 350 external dependencies, 328 function return values, 338–341 global variables, 343–345 INI entries, 347 memory-management functions, 329–331 parameter handling, 335–337 PHP source code, downloading latest, 318 planning, 320 pval/zval data type, 331–335 references, 342 resources, 349 skeleton extension, creating and fleshing out, 320, 322–325 software tools, 319 testing, 326 XML parser, 468 xmlrpc, 280 documentation, web site, 284 XSLT, 277, 469 YAZ, 469 YP/NIS, 469 Zend, 317 ZIP files, 469 external XML entities, 268 parsing, 269 extract() function, 124, 397 extracting multiple values from arrays, 120 F fall-through case, combining cases in, 49 false keyword, 27 fclose() function, 397 feof() function, 358, 397 fetchInto() method, 192, 196 fetchRow() method, 195 fgetc() function, 398 fgets() function, 398 fgetss() function, 398 file endings on Unix and Windows, 358 file formats, image, 216 button supporting multiple, 227 changing, 218 in PDF files, 246 testing for supported, 219 file globbing, 359 file permissions, security and, 291 file() function, 399 fileatime() function, 399 filectime() function, 399 file_exists() function, 399 filegroup() function, 399 fileinode() function, 399 filemtime() function, 400 filenames, security and, 287–289 fileowner() function, 400 fileperms() function, 400 filePro extension, 461 files attaching to PDF document, 260 compressed ZIP files extension, 469 zlib compression extension, 469 compressing, 458 deleting, unlink() function (example), 62 fflush() function, 398 functions for, 376 included or required, getting, 56 last-modification date, 409 not using files for security reasons, 292 reading and outputting contents, 436 renaming, 437 temporary, 452 uploaded, moving, 424 uploading, 172, 289 information about ($HTTP_POST_ FILES), 160 writing PDF data to, 234 $_FILES array, 172 accessing form parameters, 163 filesize() function, 224, 400 filesystem, functions for, 376 filetype() function, 400 filled images, drawing, 220 filling graphic paths, 250–252 patterns for, 252–254 text, 242 FillTemplate() function, 299, 300 filtering elements from an array, 136 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 483
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
Page 432 and 433: phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
Page 434 and 435: printf int printf(string format[, m
Page 436 and 437: eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439: ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441: setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443: sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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