Programming PHP

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ignore_user_abort() function, 413 ImageArc() function, 220 ImageColorAllocate() function, 218, 228 ImageColorAt() function, 230 ImageColorResolveAlpha() function, 228, 231 ImageColorsForIndex(), 230 ImageCreate() function, 217, 228 ImageCreateFromJPEG() function, 219 ImageCreateFromPNG() function, 219 ImageDashedLine() function, 220 ImageFill() function, 220 ImageFilledPolygon() function, 220 ImageFilledRectangle() function, 218, 220 ImageFillToBorder() function, 220 ImageJPEG() function, 218 ImageLine() function, 220 ImageLoadFont() function, 221 ImagePNG() function, 218 ImagePolygon() function, 220 ImageRectangle() function, 220 images, 13–15, 224–227 converting to text, 232 creating and drawing, 217–220 graphics program structure, 217 dynamically generated, for buttons, 223–227 embedding in a page, 214 file formats, 216 changing, 218 EXIF extension, 328, 460 testing for supported, 219 true color, 216 GD extension, generating with, 215 file formats supported, 216 in PDF documents, 246–249 templates for, 253–255 scaling, 227 transparency, 216 (see also alpha channel) with text, 220–223 fonts, 221–223 ImageSetPixel() function, 220 ImageString() function, 221 ImageTrueColorToPalette() function, 229 ImageTTFText() function, 222 ImageWBMP() function, 218 imagewidth and imageheight keywords, 247 IMAP, POP, and NNTP extension, 462 Imlib2 extension, 216 implicit casting, 37 implode() function, 92, 414 488 | Index import_request_variables(), 414 in_array() function, 129, 414 include construct, 54–56 opening remote files, security and, 287 included files, getting, 407 include() function, 357 include_once construct, 55 including remote file with PHP on Windows, 357 incrementing alphabetic characters, 39 increments, expression, 52 indenting comments, 21 indexed arrays, 116 calculating sum of values, 135 database query results, 196 initializing (example), 117 slicing, 121 sorting, functions for, 130 indexes, true color, 231 inequality (!= or ) operators, 40 infinite loops, 53 print_r() function used on recursive structures, 79 Informix databases (extension for), 462 Ingres II databases (extension for), 462 inheritance, 141, 145 INI entries, defining in extensions, 347 ini_alter() function, 414 ini_get() function, 414 ini_restore() function, 414 ini_set() function, 415 initializing arrays, 117 PDF documents, 234 variables, 286 inline options (within patterns), 108 inode values for files, 409 inproc server, 360 inserting array elements, 123 inserting text into strings, 90 installing PHP, 7–9 configuring Apache and PHP, 8 downloading source distribution, 7 on Windows, 351 automatic configuration with PHP installer, 353 (int) casting operator, 43 integers, 24, 416 extension functions returning, 338 padding for printf() output, 78 storing as longs, 331 InterBase databases, extension for, 463 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
interlacing GIF images, 246 internal extension globals, 344 internationalization ctype library, checking correctness for current locale, 459 gettext extension, 461 in PDF file text, 245 information about current locale, 420 POSIX-style regular expressions, working with, 99 setlocale() function, 440 Internet protocols different, server connections via, 459 TCP protocol for databases, 194 interpolation, variable, 72 into array index, 117 in double-quoted strings, 73 lookup of multidimensional array, 120 intersection of two sets, 137 introspection, 147–153 examining classes with display_classes() function, 148 sample program, 150–153 intval() function, 415 ip2long() function, 415 iptcparse() function, 415 IPv4 addresses, converting to standard format, 422 IRC gateway extension, 463 is_array() function, 28, 415 is_bool() function, 27, 415 is_dir() function, 415 is_double() function, 416 is_executable() function, 416 is_file() function, 416 is_float() function, 25, 416 is_int() function, 24, 416 is_integer() function, 416 is_link() function, 416 is_long() function, 417 is_null() function, 30, 417 is_numeric() function, 417 ISO-8859-1 character encoding, 270 is_object() function, 28, 149, 417 is_readable() function, 417 is_real(), 417 is_resource() function, 29, 417 is_scalar() function, 418 isset() function, 34, 123, 418 is_string() function, 26, 418 is_subclass_of() function, 418 is_uploaded_file() function, 290 is_writable() function, 418 is_writeable() function, 418 iterator functions, building tables with, 127 iterators, 126 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. J Java extension, 463 join() function, 419 (see also implode() function) JPEG image format, 216 changing PNG image to, 219 output function for, 218 in PDF files, 246 K Kerberos extension, 463 key() function, 126, 419 key_exists() function, 419 (see also array_key_exists() function) keys, array associative and indexed arrays, 116 checking for element with key name, 122 merging two arrays, 135 returning array of, 122 keywords break, 49 case-sensitivity in names, 17 class, 28 default, 49 else, 47 endif, 47 extends, 145 global, 65 imagewidth and imageheight, 247 include and require, 56 new, 28, 141 NULL, 29 PHP core language, 23 static, 32, 65 true and false, 27 krsort() function, 130, 419 ksort() function, 130, 131, 419 L last-in first-out (LIFO) stacks, 138 lcg_value() function, 419 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 463 leading parameter for PDF text, 240 left shift (
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439: ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441: setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443: sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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