Programming PHP

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parameters form accessing from PHP code, 163 multi-valued, 168–170 sticky multi-valued, 170 function, 33, 61, 66–69 default, 67 handling in extensions, 335–337 missing, 69 passing by reference, 66 passing by value, 66 variable numbers of, 68 PDF, setting, 235 parent class, getting name of, 150 parse errors, 303 parse() function, 269 parse_ini_file() function, 429 parse_str() function, 227, 429 parse_url() function, 95, 430 parsing XML, 265–277 character data handler, 267 creating a parser, 271 default handler, 270 element handlers, 266 entity handlers, 268 errors, 272 methods as handlers, 273 options, 270 PHP’s XML parser, 266 processing instructions, 267 sample application, 273–277 passing by reference, 66 passing by value, 66 passthru() function, 430 security risks with shell commands, 295 passwords, authenticating, 177 pathinfo() function, 430 paths, specifying for graphical shapes, 249–252 pattern matching (see regular expressions) patterns for filling or stroking paths, 252–254 pclose() function, 430 PDF (Portable Document Format), 233–261 attaching files to document, 260 clibpdf extension, 458 documents and pages, 233 documents, terminating and streaming, 236 graphics in, 249–254 patterns for filling or stroking paths, 252–254 494 | Index images and graphics, templates for, 253–255 images in, 246–249 metadata, setting, 235 module, checking if installed, 302 navigation features, 255–259 bookmarks and thumbnails, 256–258 links, 257 note annotations, 259 outputting basic text, 236 pages, creating, 235 page transitions, 261 pdflib extension, 466 PHP extensions for, 233 text in, 237–246 altering appearance of, 241–243 coordinates for placement, 237–239 fonts, 243–246 functions for manipulating, 239–241 pdf_add_bookmark() function, 256 pdf_add_launchlink() function, 258 pdf_add_locallink() function, 257 pdf_add_note() function, 259 pdf_add_pdflink() function, 258 pdf_add_weblink() function, 258 pdf_arc() function, 250 pdf_attach_file() function, 260 pdf_begin_pattern() function, 252 pdf_begin_template() function, 254 pdf_circle() function, 249 pdf_close() function, 236 pdf_closepath() function, 250 pdf_continue_text() function, 240 pdf_curveto() function, 250 pdf_delete() function, 237 pdf_end_page() function, 235 pdf_end_template() function, 254 pdf_fill_stroke() function, 250 pdf_findfont() function, 244 pdf_get_buffer() function, 234 pdf_get_parameter() function, 235 pdf_get_value() function, 247 pdflib extension, 233, 244, 466 links and, 257 nonstandard fonts and, 244 parameters, 235 pdflib.upr file, 244 transparency and, 246 pdf_lineto() function, 249 pdf_moveto() function, 249 pdf_new() function, 234 pdf_open_ format() function, 247 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_place_image() function, 247 pdf_rect() function, 249, 250 pdf_restore() function, 254 pdf_save() function, 254 pdf_scale() function, 239 pdf_set_border_style() function, 258 pdf_setcolor() function, 242 pdf_set_info() function, 235 pdf_set_parameter() function, 235, 240, 244 pdf_set_textpos() function, 239 pdf_show() function, 239 pdf_show_boxed() function, 240 pdf_stroke() function, 250 pdf_translate() function, 239 PEAR (PHP Extension and Application Repository) DB library, 2 accessing databases with, 189, 192 advanced techniques, 197 database performance and, 189 fetching data from query results, 195 installing, 9 methods providing information on query results, 200 transactions, methods for, 202 percentages, formatting for printf() output, 78 performance tuning, 308–316 benchmarking, 309–311 debugging extensions and, 330 optimizing execution time, 312 optimizing memory requirements, 312 profiling, 311 reverse proxies and replication, 313–316 load balancing and redirection, 314 MySQL replication, 315 Perl regular expressions, 103–115 anchors, 105 backreferences, 106 character classes, 105 conditional expressions, 110 cut subpattern, 109 delimiters, 104 differences in PHP implementation, 115 flags (trailing options), 107 inline options, 108 lookahead and lookbehind assertions, 108 match behavior, 104 non-capturing groups, 106 PHP functions for, 110–115 quantifiers and greed, 105 permissions chmod() function, 387 file, 291 umask() function, 453 persistence, database connections, 194 Personal Web Server (see PWS) pfsockopen() function, 431 PHP building with support for databases, 190 configuration page, creating, 10 databases (see databases) download site for most recent version, 351 forms, 10 Function Entry macro, 322 graphics, 13–15 history of, 2–7 Version 1, 2 Version 2, 4 Version 3, 5 Version 4, 6 info/options, functions for, 376 installing, 7–9 language, 17–60 comments, 19–21 data types, 23–28 embedding in web pages, 56–60 expressions and operators, 34–46 flow-control statements, 46–54 garbage collection, 33 identifiers, 21 including code, 54–56 keywords, 23 lexical structure, 17–23 literals, 21 resources, 29 statements and semicolons, 17 variables, 30–33 whitespace and line breaks, 18 prepackaged Windows distributions of, 354 shell-based program, creating, 15–16 tags, removing from strings, 447 tags (for PHP code), 10 PHP Extension and Application Repository (see PEAR) PHP installer, automatic configuration with, 353 PHP_ADD_INCLUDE() macro, 329 PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH() macro, 329 phpcredits() function, 431 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 495
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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