Programming PHP

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arithmetic operators, 38 implicit casting, rules for, 37 array() function, 27, 118, 378 casting operator, 43 array_chunk() function, 121 array_count_values() function, 378 array_diff() function, 136, 137, 378 array_filter() function, 136, 378 array_flip() function, 379 array_intersect() function, 137, 379 array_key_exists() function, 122 array_keys() function, 122, 379 array_map() function, 379 array_merge() function, 135, 380 calculating union of two sets, 137 array_merge_recursive() function, 380 array_multisort() function, 133, 380 array_pad() function, 119, 380 array_pop() function, 138, 381 array_push() function, 138, 381 array_rand() function, 381 array_reduce() function, 128, 381 array_reverse() function, 134, 381 arrays, 27, 116–139 casting to/from objects, 44 checking whether element exists, 122 color index for images, 230 converting to/from variables, 124 displaying with print_r(), 78 extension functions returning, 339 extracting multiple values from, 120 form values, 11 functions for, 375 global variables, EGPCS, 159 $GLOBALS, 32 identifying elements of, 117 implementing sets with, 137 implementing stacks with, 138 indexed vs. associative, 116 iterating over elements with foreach loop, 53 keys and values, returning, 122 modifying or applying operation to all elements, 135 multidimensional, 120 removing and inserting elements, 123 resetting internal pointer to first element, 437 slicing, 121 474 | Index sorting, 28, 130–135 with anonymous functions, 71 in ascending order, 442 multiple arrays at once, 133 in natural order, 133 PHP functions for, 130 in random order, 134, 440 reversing element order, 134 with user-defined functions, 452 with user-defined functions, by keys, 453 in user-defined order, 131–133 splitting into chunks, 121 storing data in, 117–120 adding values to end of array, 118 assigning range of values, 119 getting array size, 119 padding, 119 symbol tables, 33 traversing, 125 calling function for each element, 128 with for loop, 127 iterator functions, 126 reducing an array, 128 searching for values, 129 array_search() function, 130, 382 array_shift() function, 138, 382 array_slice() function, 121, 382 array_splice() function, 123, 382 array_sum() function, 135, 382 array_unique() function, 137, 383 array_unshift() function, 138, 383 array_values() function, 122, 383 array_walk() function, 128, 383 arsort() function, 130, 131, 383 ascending order, sorting arrays in, 130 ASCII representation of an image, 232 US-ASCII character encoding, 270 UTF-8 encoding for printing high-bit characters, 222 ASCII order natural order in strings vs., 87 value of first character in string, 428 values for characters in string searches, 93 asin() function, 62, 383 asort() function, 130, 384 ASP (Active Server Pages), embedding PHP with ASP tags, 58 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
aspell PHP library, 457 assert() function, 384 assertion (+), arithmetic operator, 38 assert_options() function, 384 assignment, initializing arrays with, 117 assignment operators, 44–46 = (basic assignment) operator, 44 assignment with operations, 45 associative arrays, 116, 118 array_splice(), using on, 124 calculating sum of values, 135 creating with compact(), 125 padding, 120 rows in database query results, 196 XML-RPC call, attributes of, 283 associativity operator, 34, 36 atan() function, 384 atan2() function, 384 attributes text in PDF files, 241–243 XML elements, 266 authentication, 177 Kerberos extension, 463 message (mhash library), 464 autodecrement (--) operator, 39 autoincrement (++) operator, 39 B \B (non-word boundary), Perl regular expressions, 105 \b (word boundary), Perl regular expressions, 105 backreferences to previously matched substrings, conditional expressions and, 110 to text captured earlier in pattern, 106 base classes, 141 base64_decode() function, 385 base64_encode() function, 385 base_convert() function, 385 basename() function, 288, 385 BCMath library, 458 Benchmark class, 311 benchmarking performance, 309–311 Bézier curve, drawing, 250 bin2hex() function, 385 binary operators, 36 arithmetic, implicit casting rules, 37 bindec() function, 385 bitwise operators, 41–42 blocks, 47 bookmarks and thumbnails in PDF documents, 256–258 Word, manipulating with PHP COM, 363 boolean data type, 26 casting operator, 43 box for PDF text, 240 tag, inserting before all newline characters, 425 break keyword, 49 break statements in do/while loops, 52 in for loops, 53 in switch statements, 50 in while loops, 50 breaking strings into smaller components, 91–93 browsers caching response pages for get requests, 163 filenames sent for file uploads, distrusting, 289 information about, 405 sending file contents to, 224 sending PDF files to, 236 buffering output, 301, 426 erasing data, 301 in error handlers, 307 flushing buffers, 301 PDF data, 234 setting file buffer size, 439 built-in constructs, case-insensitivity in names, 17 built-in functions, 61 buttons, dynamically generated, 223–227 caching, 224–227 bzip2 compression, 458 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. C caching dynamically generated buttons, 224–227 Opcode cache systems, 317 response pages for GET requests, 163 reverse proxy, 313 calendar library, 458 Index | 475
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
Page 424 and 425: mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
Page 426 and 427: number_format string number_format(
Page 428 and 429: openlog int openlog(string identity
Page 430 and 431: parse_url array parse_url(string ur
Page 432 and 433: phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
Page 434 and 435: printf int printf(string format[, m
Page 436 and 437: eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439: ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441: setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443: sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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