Programming PHP

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calendars ICAP extension, 462 MCAL extension, 463 callback functions ob_gzhandler(), 303 rewrite(), 302 calling functions, 61 variable function call, 70 call_user_func() function, 386 call_user_method() function, 386 call_user_method_array() function, 386 capturing in regular expressions, 99 inline flags and, 108 non-capturing groups, 106 carriage returns, testing string for, 95 case, changing for strings, 81 converting to lowercase before comparing, 87 case-insensitivity in class names, 143 in function names, 62 in pattern matching, 111 eregi_replace(), 103 in regular expression matches, 101, 395, 442, 443 case labels in statements, 49 case-sensitivity in keywords, 23 in PHP, 17 in PHP identifiers, 22 in regular expressions, 96 casting implicit, of operand types, 37 in string comparisons with == operator, 86 in string comparisons with comparison operators, 87 operators for, 43 C/C++ languages C-language compiler, 7 C-language PHP extensions, 317–350 architectural overview, 317 command-line PHP, 319 compiling, 325 config.m4 file, 327–329 creating variables, 345–347 developers mailing list, 350 external dependencies, 328 function return values, 338–341 global variables, 343–345 476 | Index INI entries, 347 memory-management functions, 329–331 parameter handling, 335–337 PHP source code, downloading latest, 318 planning, 320 pval/zval data type, 331–335 references, 342 resources, 349 skeleton extension, creating and fleshing out, 320, 322–325 software tools, 319 testing, 326 C-language string encoding, 85 comments, 19–21 CCITT image format in PDF files, 246 CDATA, 267 ceil() function, 386 CGI specification for environment variables, 160 chaining constructors, 146 if statements, 48 character classes, 97 in Perl-style regular expressions, 105 in POSIX-style regular expressions, 99 character data handler (XML), 267 character encoding option for xmlrpc_server_call_ method(), 282 PDF, mapping onto font characters, 244 XML parser option, 270 character sets and encodings, Recode library for conversions, 467 characters comparing strings for similar, 88 incrementing, 39 last occurrence of character in a string, 94 minimum number specifier (printf() format modifier), 77 sequences of (see strings) special in regular expressions, 96 in shell commands, 295 whitespace, stripping from strings, 80 chdir() function, 386 checkdate() function, 387 checkdnsrr() function, 387 check_privileges() function, 286 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
checksums mhash library, 464 validating credit-card numbers with, 101 chgrp() function, 387 chmod() function, 387 chop() function, 387 chown() function, 388 chr() function, 388 chroot() function, 388 chunk_split() function, 388 class keyword, 28 class methods, 143 getting, 405 PEAR DB library, 192 classes, 28 case-insensitivity in names, 17 constructors, 145 declaring, 143 defined, getting names of, 406 defining, 141 examining with introspective functions, 148–150 functions for, 375 getting for objects, 149, 405 inheritance, 145 names of, 22 properties of accessing from extension functions, 341 getting, 405 class_exists() function, 148, 388 clearstatcache() function, 388 clibpdf extension, 458 clients cookies, support or acceptance of, 182 for XML-RPC service, 283 client-side GUI applications, 1 client-side scripting within HTML pages, 59 closedir() function, 389 closelog() function, 389 closing files referenced by handle, 397 pipes, 430 sessions, 186 code blocks, 47 execution directives, specifying in declare statement, 54 libraries, 297 loading from another module, 54–56 optimizing, 308 PHP including, 54–56 running and printing result, 13 tags for, 10 reuse with inheritance, 141 collating sequences, 100 color 265-color image, creating, 217 allocating, 218 handling in graphics, 228–232 alpha channel, using, 229 identifying colors, 230 text representations of images, 232 true color color indexes, 231 negative index values, turning off antialiasing, 222 palette, 216 preferences for page options, 180 setting/using with cookies, 181 setting with sessions, 183 text in PDF files, setting for, 242 true color formats/images, 216 user preferences, storing across visits, 188 column() function, 62 COM, 359 COM extension, 459 overview, 360 PHP interfacing with completing a Word document, 363–366 determining API, 361–363 ODBC data sources, 367–373 PHP functions, 360 reading/writing Excel files, 366 command lines, Readline library for, 466 command-line PHP, 319 command-line scripting, 1 commands, SQL, 191 comments in PHP, 19–21 C++-style, 19 C-style, 19, 20 indenting, 21 shell-style, 19 commit () method, 202 communication protocols, 280 for databases, 194 compact() function, 124, 389 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 477
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
Page 426 and 427: number_format string number_format(
Page 428 and 429: openlog int openlog(string identity
Page 430 and 431: parse_url array parse_url(string ur
Page 432 and 433: phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
Page 434 and 435: printf int printf(string format[, m
Page 436 and 437: eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439: ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441: setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443: sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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