Programming PHP

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dates and times (continued) gettimeofday() function, 411 gmmktime() function, 411 ICAP extension for calendar events, 462 locales, formatting for, 445 seconds and microseconds since Unix epoch, 423 timeout for current script, setting, 439 timestamps, 411, 421, 424, 451 dBase library, 459 DB::connect() method, 192, 194 DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC, 196 DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT, 197 DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED, 196 DB::getMessage() method, 195 DB::isError() method, 192, 194 DBM-style database abstraction library, 460 DBM-style database library, 460 DB_OK constant, 195 $db->query() method, 192 dbx extension, 460 DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange), 360 DDL (Data Definition Language), 191 debugging database connections, 194 extensions, 330 object-oriented programs, 141 state, program for, 138 decbin() function, 392 dechex() function, 392 decimal numbers, 24 formatting for printf(), 77 declarations, unparsed entities, 269 declare statements, 54 declared classes, getting array of, 148 declaring methods, 143 properties, 144 static function variables, 66 variables by setting value, 30 decoct() function, 392 decoding URL-encoded strings, 84 decomposing strings, 91–93 URLs, 95 default handler, XML parsing, 270 default keyword, 49 define() function, 23 define_syslog_variables() function, 393 defining classes, 28, 141, 143 functions, 62–64 nested declarations, 64 480 | Index deg2rad() function, 393 deleting files with unlink() function, 62 text from strings, 90 delimiters, pattern, 104 dereferencing zval, 335 derived classes, 141, 418 descending order, sorting arrays in, 130 destroy handler for sessions, 187 destructor function for resource, 349 developers sites Microsoft, 361 PHP extensions (C language), 350 die() function, 54, 62 difference between arrays, calculating, 136 dimensions of images in PDF files, 247 directories current working directory, 408 deleting, 437 dirname() function, 393 functions for, 376 LDAP protocol extension, 463 mkdir() function, 424 disable_functions option (php.ini), 295 disconnect () method, 197 disk_free_space() function, 393 disk_total_space() function, 393 display_classes() function, 148 displaying PHP values in human-readable form, 79 Distributed COM (DCOM), 360 division (/) operator, 38 division assignment (/=) operator, 45 dl() function, 393 DML (Data Manipulation Language), 191 Document Type Definition (DTD), 263 documents, PDF, 233 Hello World (example), 234 initializing, 234 terminating and streaming, 236 DOM (Document Object Model) XML library, 460 doubleval() function, 393 do/while loops, 51 drawing images basic drawing functions, 220 drawing primitives in GD, 218 in PDF documents, 249–252 dropSequence() method, 202 DSN (data source name), 192 configuring with ODBC PHP, 367 selecting appropriate, 204 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
DTD (Document Type Definition), 263 DTP points, 237 Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), 360 dynamic XML, generating, 264 E each() function, 126, 394 echo command, 10, 76 echo() function, 394 efree() function, 329 EG (Executor Globals), 344 EGPCS (environment, GET, POST, cookie, and server) variables, 159 aliases for, 160 controlling with variables_order directive, 287 element handlers, 266 elements, array checking whether element exists, 122 filtering from, 136 getting number of, 119 identifying, 117 removing and inserting, 123 traversing, 125 else clause, 47 email functions for, 376 IMAP, POP, and NNTP extension, 462 vpopmail extension, 468 emalloc() function, 329 embedding fonts in PDF files, 244–246 PHP in web pages, 56–60 ASP tags, using, 58 echoing content directly, 59 script style, 59 SGML tags, using, 58 XML-compliant tags, using, 57–58 empty arrays, constructing, 118 empty expressions, 53 empty() function, 394 encapsulation, 141 encoding SQL, 85 strings according to URL conventions, 84 strings, C language, 85 encryption (mcrypt extension), 464 end element handler, 266 end() function, 126, 394 endif keyword, 47 end-of-file handling, 397 on Unix and Windows, 358 end-of-line handling, on Unix and Windows, 358 entities HTML translation tables for, 83, 406 converting string characters into, 81 XML, 268 external, 268 environment variables, 356, 409 $HTTP_ENV_VARS array, 160 server, 160 setting, 434 variables_order directive in php.ini, 287 equality (==) operator, 40 equivalence class, 100 ereg() function, 101, 394 eregi() function, 101, 395 eregi_replace() function, 103 ereg_replace() function, 103, 394, 395 error handling, 303–308 defining error handlers, 305–308 formatting and printing errors (example), 306 logging in, 306 output buffering, 307 logging error messages to system log, 451 reporting errors, 303 reverting to prior handler, 437 setting error handler, 438 suppressing errors, 304 triggering errors, 305, 452 error suppression (@) operator, 46 error_log() function, 306, 395 logging session errors, 187 error_reporting() function, 304, 395 errors, 303 checking databases for, 194 functions for, 375 warnings about, disabling public visibility of, 286 XML, 272 escape sequences in double-quoted strings, 25, 73 removing from strings, 446 in single-quoted strings, 73 escapeshellarg() function, 295, 396 escapeshellcmd() function, 396 escaping special characters in shell commands, 295 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 481
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
Page 430 and 431: parse_url array parse_url(string ur
Page 432 and 433: phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
Page 434 and 435: printf int printf(string format[, m
Page 436 and 437: eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439: ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441: setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443: sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445: str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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