Programming PHP

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egister_globals (php.ini file) disabling for security purposes, 286 security of global variables, 285 register_shutdown_function(), 436 register_tick_function(), 437 regular expressions, 95–115 alternatives in, 98 character classes, 97 manipulating strings with, 442 patterns, types of, 96 Perl-compatible, 103–115 anchors, 105 backreferences, 106 character classes, 105 conditional expressions in, 110 cut subpattern, 109 delimiters, 104 flags (trailing options), 107 functions for working with, 110–115 inline options, 108 lookahead and lookbehind assertions, 108 match behavior, 104 non-capturing groups, 106 quantifiers and greed, 105 PHP, differences from Perl, 115 POSIX-style, 99–103 anchors, 100 character classes, 99 functions for, 101 quantifiers for repeating patterns, 98 search and replace operations with ereg() and ereg_replace (), 394 Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs), 190 relative paths checking for, 288 security problems with, 287 remote files opening with PHP functions, security risks of, 287 retrieving on Unix and Windows, 357 Remote Procedure Call (RPC), 360 remote servers, YAZ toolkit, 469 removing array elements, 123 leading or trailing whitespace from strings, 80 rename() function, 437 repeating sequences, quantifiers for, 98 repeating strings, 91 498 | Index replacing characters in strings, 90 matched patterns in strings, 112 matched strings, POSIX regular expressions, 103 replication MySQL, 315 reverse proxies and, 313–316 reporting errors, 303 disabling, 304 error-reporting values, 304 turning off entirely, 305 request/response cycle, HTTP GET requests, 160 request, 158 response, 159 requests, XML-RPC, 282 require construct, 54–56 require() function, 357 opening remote files, security and, 287 require_once construct, 55 require_once() function, 297 reserved words, stdClass, 143 reset() function, 126, 437 resources, 29, 417 handles, returning type of, 408 using in extensions, 349 rest of a string, searches returning, 94 restore_error_handler() function, 306, 437 return statements, 54, 63 return values, extension functions, 338–341 RETVAL_LONG() macro, 338 reverse-proxy caches, 313 reversing array element order, 134 strings, 90 rewind() function, 437 rewinddir() function, 437 rewrite() function, 302 right shift (>>) operator, 42 right-justified strings, 77 rmdir() function, 437 rollback() method, 202 rot13 extension, 322 rot13() function, 322 round() function, 438 RPC (Remote Procedure Call), 360 rsort() function, 130, 438 RSS document, generating using PHP, 264 rtrim() function, 80, 438 runtime errors, 303 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
S Sablotron C library (XSLT support for PHP), 277 safe_mode directive (php.ini file), 292 SAPI (Server Abstraction API), 318, 343 getting name of, 431 linking PHP into server via, 352 sapi_globals_struct, 343 Satellite CORBA Client extension, 467 scalar types, 23 scalar values, 418 scaling images, 227 in PDF files, 247–249 nonproportional scaling, 248 Schemas for XML documents, 263 scientific notation, 25 scope, 31 overriding with pass by reference, 66 variables in functions, 64–66 global, accessing, 65 script tag, enclosing PHP code in, 59 scripts (current), name of ($PHP_SELF variable), 160 search and replace operations POSIX-style regular expressions, 103 with preg_replace(), 112 search engine (mnoGoSearch), 464 searching array for values, 129 strings functions for, 93–95 position, returning, 93 rest of string, returning, 94 URLs, decomposing into components, 95 using masks, 94 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 188 security, 285–296 concealing PHP libraries, 293 eval() function, risks of, 294 file permissions, 291 session files, 291 file uploads, 289 distrusting browser-supplied filenames, 289 size of uploaded files, 290 surviving register_globals, 290 filenames and, 287–289 checking for relative paths, 288 restricting filesystem access, 289 files, not using, 292 global variables and form data, 285–287 initializing variables, 286 variables_order directive in php.ini, 287 safe mode for shared servers, 292 shell commands, 295 summary of good practices, 296 of web applications, 285 seeding Mersenne Twister generator, 425 random-number generator, 443 sendmail, 356 SEPARATE_ZVAL() macro, 332 sequences, database, 201 serialize() function, 438 serializing objects, 153–157 _ _sleep() and _ _wakeup() methods, 155 logfile (example), 155–157 Server Abstraction API (see SAPI) $_SERVER array, 160–162 HTTP request headers, entries for, 162 servers Apache (see Apache web servers) database, 315 global variables for, controlling, 287 $HTTP_SERVER_VARS array, 160 information about ($_SERVER array), 160–162 in-process (inproc), 360 load balancing and redirection, 314 out-of-process, 360 with PHP linked in, 318 remote, YAZ toolkit implementing Z39.50 protocol, 469 reverse proxy caches, 313 SAPI (Server Abstraction API) global variables, 343 Server header, 159 shared, safe mode for security, 292 XML-RPC, 281 server-side scripting, 1 session files, file permissions and, 291 session tracking, 178 session_destroy() function, 183 session_is_registered() function, 183 session_register(), 183 sessions, 182–187 ab (Apache benchmarking) utility and, 310 close handler for, 186 combining cookies with, 187 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 499
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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