Programming PHP

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Here is a trivial function that, when called, creates $foo with a value of 99 in the currently active symbol table: PHP_FUNCTION(foo) { zval *var; MAKE_STD_ZVAL(var); Z_LVAL_P(var)=99; Z_TYPE_P(var)=IS_LONG; ZEND_SET_SYMBOL(EG(active_symbol_table), "foo", var); } That means that if this function was called from within a user-space function, the variable would be injected into the function-local symbol table. If this function was called from the global scope, the variable would, of course, be injected into the global symbol table. To inject the variable directly into the global symbol table regardless of the current scope, simply use EG(symbol_table) instead of EG(active_symbol_table). Note that the global symbol table is not a pointer. Here we also see an example of manually setting the type of a container and filling in the corresponding long value. The valid container-type constants are: #define IS_NULL 0 #define IS_LONG 1 #define IS_DOUBLE 2 #define IS_STRING 3 #define IS_ARRAY 4 #define IS_OBJECT 5 #define IS_BOOL 6 #define IS_RESOURCE 7 #define IS_CONSTANT 8 #define IS_CONSTANT_ARRAY 9 The ZEND_SET_SYMBOL( ) macro is somewhat complex. It first checks to see if the symbol you are setting is already there and if that symbol is a reference. If so, the existing container is reused and simply pointed at the new data you have provided. If the symbol does not already exist, or it exists and it isn’t a reference, zend_hash_update( ) is called. zend_hash_update( ) directly overwrites and frees the existing value. You can call zend_hash_update( ) directly yourself if you want to and if you are more worried about performance than memory conservation. This is similar to the previous example, except that we force an overwrite in the symbol table using zend_hash_update( ): PHP_FUNCTION(foo) { zval *var; MAKE_STD_ZVAL(var); Z_LVAL_P(var)=99; Z_TYPE_P(var)=IS_LONG; 346 | Chapter 14: Extending PHP This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table), "foo", sizeof("foo"), &var, sizeof(zval *), NULL); } The arguments to zend_hash_update( ) should be self-explanatory, except for that final NULL. To get back the address of the new container, pass a void ** instead of NULL; the void * whose address you pass will be set to the address of the new container. Typically, this last argument is always NULL. Extension INI Entries Defining php.ini directives (i.e., INI entries) in an extension is easy. Most of the work involves setting up the global struct explained earlier in the section “Internal Extension Globals.” Each entry in the INI structure is a global variable in the extension and thus has an entry in the global struct and is accessed using FOO_G(my_ini_ setting). For the most part you can simply comment out the indicated sections in the skeleton created by ext_skel to get a working INI directive, but we will walk through it here anyway. To add a custom INI entry to your extension, define it in your main foo.c file using: PHP_INI_BEGIN( ) STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY("foo.my_ini_setting", "0", PHP_INI_ALL, OnUpdateInt, setting, zend_foo_globals, foo_globals) PHP_INI_END( ) The arguments to the STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY( ) macro are: entry name, default entry value, change permissions, pointer to change modification handler, corresponding global variable, global struct type, and global struct. The entry name and default entry value should be self-explanatory. The change permissions parameter specifies where this directive can be changed. The valid options are: PHP_INI_SYSTEM The directive can be changed in php.ini or in httpd.conf using the php_admin_ flag/php_admin_value directives. PHP_INI_PERDIR The directive can be changed in httpd.conf or .htaccess (if AllowOverride OPTIONS is set) using the php_flag/php_value directives. PHP_INI_USER The user can change the directive using the ini_set( ) function in scripts. PHP_INI_ALL A shortcut that means that the directive can be changed anywhere. The change modification handler is a pointer to a function that will be called when the directive is modified. For the most part, you will probably use one of the built-in change-handling functions here. This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Extension INI Entries | 347
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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Page 299 and 300: user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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Page 305 and 306: To turn off error reporting entirel
Page 307 and 308: Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
Page 309 and 310: Before you begin optimization, ask
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Page 317 and 318: Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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Page 333 and 334: For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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Page 351 and 352: Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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Page 359 and 360: External Commands PHP uses the defa
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Page 363 and 364: Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Page 376 and 377: Files, directories, and filesystem
Page 378 and 379: addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
Page 380 and 381: array_merge array array_merge(array
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Page 384 and 385: asort void asort(array array[, int
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Page 390 and 391: cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
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strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
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strtr string strtr(string string, s
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tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
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unregister_tick_function void unreg
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wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
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old versions of aspell, you should
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DBM For very simple database instal
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Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
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mcrypt This extension provides an i
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pdflib pdflib provides support for
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Sybase This extension provides supp
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Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
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| (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
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aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
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checksums mhash library, 464 valida
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cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
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DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
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System V Semaphores and Shared memo
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calling, 61 for each array element,
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H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
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interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
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masks, using in string searches, 94
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serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
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pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
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with echo, 76 with print() function
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S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
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sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
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tan() function, 451 target encoding
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function parameters, 33 functions f
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xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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