Programming PHP

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strings (continued) quoting in PHP array keys, 117 quoting string constants, 72–75 in double-quoted strings, 73 with here documents, 74 in single-quoted strings, 73 variable interpolation, 72 regular expressions, using on, 95–115 Perl-compatible regular expressions, 103–115 POSIX-style regular expressions, 99–103 removing whitespace from, 80 similarity between, calculating, 440 SQL queries, escaping string literals in, 85 trimming characters from end, 438 for XML error reporting, 273 stripcslashes() function, 446 single-character escapes, 85 stripping unwanted file permissions, 291 stripslashes() function, 85, 446 using on $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIES, 165 strip_tags() function, 83, 447 stristr() function, 94, 447 strlen() function, 61, 447 accessing individual string characters, 79 strnatcasecmp() function, 87 strnatcmp() function, 87, 447 strncasecmp() function, 87 strncmp() function, 87, 448 stroking graphic paths, 250–252 patterns for, 252–254 text, 242 str_pad() function, 91, 444 strpos() function, 93, 448 strrchr() function, 94, 448 str_repeat() function, 91, 444 str_replace() function, 444 strrev() function, 90, 448 strrpos() function, 93, 448 strspn() function, 94, 448 strstr() function, 94, 448 strtok() function, 92, 449 strtolower() function, 81, 449 strtoupper() function, 81, 449 strtr() function, 450 502 | Index structs storing extensionwide global C variables in, 344 storing resources in, 349 strval() function, 450 stylesheets, XSLT, 278, 469 subclasses, 141, 418 subpatterns in regular expressions, 99 nesting, 106 non-capturing groups, 106 replacing matched strings in, 103 substituting new text for matching text, 95 substitution markers in printf() format string, 76 substr() function, 89, 450 substr_count() function, 89, 450 substr_replace() function, 90, 450 subtraction (-) operator, 38 sum, calculating for an array, 135 superclasses, 141 suppressing errors, 304 Suraski, Zeev, 5 SWF (Shockwave Flash) extension, 467 switch statements, 48–50 fall-through cases in, 49 Sybase extension, 468 symbol table, 33 symbol_table global variable, 344 symlink() function, 450 syslog() function, 451 System V Semaphores and Shared Memory extensions, 468 system() function, 451 security risks with shell commands, 295 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. T tableInfo() method, 200 tables building with iterator functions, 127 database, 190 in example application, 203 tabs, testing string for, 95 tags HTML and PHP, removing from strings, 447 HTML, removing from strings, 83 PHP code (), 10 XML, 262–264 nesting, 263
tan() function, 451 target encoding for XML parser, 270 TCP protocol, 194 templates for PDF documents, 253–255 templating systems, 298–301 HTML template for thank you page, 299 template script (example), 299 user input form (example), 298 tempnam() function, 451 terminating PDF document, 236 ternary operator, 36, 46 testing C-language PHP extension, 326 colors, program for, 231 return value for failure, 93 text in images, 220–223 buttons, 223 fonts, 221–223 languages other than English, working with, 99 in PDF files, 237–246 altering appearance of, 241–243 coordinates, 237–239 fonts, 243–246 functions for, 239–241 outputting basic, 236 representing image with, 232 textual (lexicographic) comparisons, 39 this variable, 144 Thread Safe Resource Manager (TSRM), 318 thread safety extensions, 359 extensionwide global variables, 344 throwing errors, 305 thumbnails for bookmarks, PDF documents, 256–258 tick functions registering, 437 unregistering, 454 ticks directive, 54 TIFF image format in PDF files, 246 time functions for, 375 gettimeofday() function, 411 (see also dates and times) time() function, 451 timeouts for current script, 439 setting for sockets, 441 tmpfile() functions, 452 tokenizing strings, 92, 449 touch() function, 452 track_errors option (php.ini file), 304 trailing options, Perl-style regular expressions, 107 transactions, 202 transforming XML with XSLT, 277–280 creating XSLT processor, 278 transitions for PDF pages, 261 translation tables for HTML entities, 83, 406 transparency of images, 216, 228 in PDF files, 246 (see also alpha channel) traversing arrays, 125 calling function for each element, 128 with for loop, 127 iterator functions, 126 in random order, using shuffle() function, 134 reducing an array, 128 searching for values, 129 trigger_error() function, 305, 452 trim() function, 80, 452 trimming strings, 438 true and false keywords, 27 true color images, 216 background colors for, 229 converting to paletted image, 229 true color color indexes, 231 TrueType fonts antialiased, troubleshooting, 224 in PDF files, 244 using with GD, 221 truncating files, 404 truth values (see boolean data type) TSRM (Thread Safe Resource Manager), 318 type juggling, 37 types (see data types) type_spec strings, 335 specification characters, 336 modifiers, 336 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. U uasort() function, 130, 452 ucfirst() function, 81, 452 ucwords() function, 81, 453 uksort() function, 130, 453 umask() function, 291, 453 unary operators, 36 - (arithmetic negation) operator, 38 autoincrement and autodecrement, 39 Index | 503
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
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strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
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strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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