Programming PHP

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PHP_FE() macro, 322 phpinfo() function, 10, 432 checking for database support, 190 GD extension, information on, 215 php.ini file directives recommended for production systems, 286 disable_functions option, 295 extension INI entries, 347 maximum size (in bytes) for file uploads, 290 memory_limit directive, 331 safe_mode directive, 292 session information storage, customizing, 185 track_errors option, 304 variables_order directive, 287 PHP_INI_MH() prototype macro, 348 php_logo_guid() function, 431 PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(), 348 php_sapi_name() function, 431 $PHP_SELF variable (current script name), 160 php_uname() function, 431 phpversion() function, 432 PI (Process Instruction) XML tag, 58 pi() function, 432 pipes, 359 opening to process executed by shell command, 432 pixels checking color index for, 230 setting color for, 220 placeholders for database query values, 198 XML entities as, 268 platform, testing for, 355 PNG image format, 216 black square on white background (example), 217 changing to JPEG, 219 output function for, 218 in PDF files, 246 polygons, drawing, 220 popen() function, 432 security risks, 295 portability database-specific extensions and, 189 optimizing database connections for, 194 Portable Document Format (see PDF) pos() function, 433 496 | Index position of smaller string within larger string, 93 positioning cursor in PDF text, 239 images in PDF documents, 247 text in PDF files, 239 positions in indexed arrays, 116 positive lookahead and lookbehind assertions, 108 POSIX-style regular expressions, 99–103 anchors in, 100 functions for, 101 matching, 101–103 replacing, 103 splitting strings, 103 $_POST array, 11 accessing form parameters, 163 POST method (HTTP), 159 in form processing, 162 global variables for, controlling, 287 $HTTP_POST_VARS array, 160 quotes state for operations, 407 sending XML-RPC request via, 282 XML-RPC request, constructing for, 283 PostgreSQL extension, 466 post_max_size configuration option, 290 PostScript font metrics, 244 pow() function, 433 precedence, operator, 34, 36 associativity and, 36 two basic rules for, 36 precision specifier for floating-point numbers, 77 preferences for page colors (see color; cookies) session, saving across requests, 187 using from sessions, 184 preg_match() function, 110 preg_quote() function, 115 preg_replace() function, 112 calling eval() with /e option, 295 preg_split() function, 114 prepare() method, 198 prev() function, 126, 433 print() function, 76, 433 printf() function, 76, 434 format modifiers, 76 type specifier, 77 printing error messages, 306 strings, 75–79 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
with echo, 76 with print() function, 76 with printf() function, 76 with print_r() function, 78 with var_dump() function, 79 print_r() function, 78, 433 private and public methods or properties, 142 process IDs, 410 processing instructions for XML documents, 267 production environment, php.ini directives for, 286 profiling, 311 program execution, functions for, 377 progressive JPEGs in PDF files, 246 properties, 28 accessing, 142 class, getting, 148, 405 declaring, 144 object, 141 getting, 407 getting array of, 149 rows in database query results, 197 protocols, 410 proxy caches, 313 pseudorandom-number generator, seeding, 443 pspell library, 466 putenv() function, 434 pval/zval data type, 331–335 macros to access zval fields, 333–335 MAKE_STD_ZVAL() macro, 332 SEPARATE_ZVAL() macro, 332 struct, 332 zval_copy_ctor() function, 332 zval dereferencing, 335 PWS (Personal Web Server), 352 configuring PHP for, 353 Q quality, JPEG images, 218 quantifiers in regular expressions, 98 greedy and non-greedy, 105 query result object, fetching data from, 195 query() function, placeholders for values, 198 queues, treating arrays as, 138 quoted_printable_decode() function, 434 quotemeta() function, 435 quoting form parameters automatically, 164 get_magic_quotes_gpc(), 407 for regular expressions, 115 set_magic_quotes_runtime(), 439 string constants, 72–75 in double-quoted strings, 73 here documents, 74 in single-quoted strings, 73 variable interpolation, 72 strings in PHP array keys, 117 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. R race condition, created by changing file permissions, 291 rad2deg() function, 435 rand() function, 435 largest value returned by, 410 randomizing array order, 134 range of characters in regular expressions, 97 range() function, 119, 435 raw image format, PDF files, 246 rawurldecode() function, 84, 435 rawurlencode() function, 84, 435 RDBMSs (Relational Database Management Systems), 190 read and write handlers for sessions, 186 readdir() function, 436 readfile() function, 224, 436 Readline library (GNU), 466 readlink() function, 436 real numbers, 24, 417 realpath() function, 436 checking filenames with, 288 Recode library (GNU), 467 rectangles, drawing, 220 recursive structures, avoiding use of print_r() or var_dump() on, 79 red, green, blue (RGB) color values, 216, 218 getting with ImageColorsForIndex(), 230 redirection, 176, 314 Unix shell, 359 reducing an array, 128 reference counting, managing memory with, 33 references in extensions, 342 to external entities in XML, 268 incrementing count for zval, 337 to variable stored in an objects, 142 to variable stored in another variable, 30 Index | 497
Page 2 and 3:
Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447: %H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449: strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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