Programming PHP

enclosing array lookup in, 120
as pattern delimiters, 104
variable interpolation in strings, 73
$ (dollar sign)
in regular expressions, 96, 101, 104, 105
in variable names, 22, 30
. (dot)
.+ (concatenation assignment)
operator, 46
. (string concatenation) operator, 38
in cookie names, decoding, 180
in HTML field names, converting for PHP
variables, 163
single-character matches in regular
expressions, 96
wildcard match character, 104
= (equals sign)
= (assignment) operator, 44
== (equal to) operator, 26, 40
comparing strings with, 86
=== (identity) operator, 40
comparing strings with, 86
testing return value for failure, 93
=> symbol, separating array indexes from
values, 118
! (exclamation point)
!= (inequality) operator, 40
!== (not identical) operator, 40
type specification modifier, 336
# (hash marks) in comments, 19
- (hyphen)
-> construct, accessing properties and
methods, 28, 142
defining character range in regular
expressions, 97
inline pattern matching options, turning
off, 108
- (minus sign)
- (arithmetic negation) operator, 38
-- (autodecrement) operator, 39
-= (subtraction assignment) operator, 45
- (subtraction) operator, 38
for right-justified strings, 77
() (parentheses)
grouping operands for precedence, 36
grouping patterns in regular
expressions, 99
non-capturing groups, 106
as pattern delimiters, 104
472 | Index
% (percent sign)
%= (modulus assignment) operator, 45
% (modulus) operator, 38
in format string to printf(), 76
+ (plus sign)
+= (addition assignment) operator, 45
+ (addition) operator, 38
+ (arithmetic assertion) operator, 38
++ (autoincrement) operator, 39
in greedy and non-greedy quantifiers, 106
printing positive numbers with, 77
spaces, encoding in URLs, 85, 224
? (question mark)
?: (conditional) operator, 46, 48
in non-greedy quantifiers, 106
placeholder in database queries, 198
replacing characters outside target
encoding, 270
" (quotes, double)
double-quoted strings
escape sequences in, 25
variable interpolation in, 73
in heredocs, 75
HTML entity for, 82
in SQL queries, 85
in string literals, 25
' (quotes, single)
in heredocs, 75
HTML entity for, 82
single-quoted strings, 73
in SQL queries, 85
in string literals, 25
escape sequences in, 26
; (semicolon)
after terminating heredoc identifier, 75
before PHP closing tag, 18
in PHP statements, 18
/ (slash)
//, in C++-style comments, 20
/= (division assignment) operator, 45
/ (division) operator, 38
/* */, in multiline C-style comments, 20
type specification modifier, 336
~ (tilde), bitwise negation operator, 41
_ (underscore)
_ _, method names beginning with, 143
converting dots (.) in cookie names
to, 180
converting dots (.) in HTML field names
to, 163
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