3+ 4/2002 - Společnost pro pojivové tkáně

THE EFFECT OF POST-EXERCISE
NUTRITION ON SKELETAL MUSCLE
TRAINING ADAPTATIONS IN THE
ELDERLY
B. Esmarck, L. Diederichsen, M. J. Rennie1 ,M.Kjaer
Sports Medicine Research Unit, Copenhagen University
Hospital at Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
1Division of Molecular Physiology, School of Life
Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DDl 4HN,
Scotland
Resistance exercise is known to be able
to counteract the age-related muscle atrophy
by increasing the net protein synthesis
of the exercised skeletal muscles in the
elderly. Further, muscle protein metabolism
is also affected by nutritional intake during
rest.Thus, if protein is ingested in the postabsorptive
state it will create a positive protein
balance whereas a carbohydrate-intake
only reduces the negative protein balance.
Further, an additive response in net protein
synthesis has been observed in young subjects
with administration of protein after
a bout of resistance exercise. Yet, controversy
exists whether a daily nutritional supplementation
has an additional effect on
hypertrophy of the trained muscles in the
elderly when evaluated over 10-12 weeks
of resistance exercise. However,this may be
explained by the timing of the nutritional
intake. Accordingly, it was found in a group
of the elderly that an immediate post-exercise
intake of a protein supplementation
resulted in muscle hypertrophy evaluated
over a 12-week training period, whereas
a matched group receiving the same supplementation
but two hours post-exercise
had no change in. muscle mass. Evidently,
amino acid availability plays an essential
role in the regulation of the muscle protein
metabolism following resistance exercise
100
and apparently is the anabolic state affected
by ingestion of small amounts of protein. In
order to provide valuable recommendations
of post-exercise protein intake in the
elderly knowledge on the first-pass splanchnic
extraction of amino acids and the
potential decrease in amino acid sensitivity
of muscle with aging must be taken into
account as well as the information of the
fate of circulating amino acids.
PC – SIMULATION OF SCOLIOSIS
TREATMENT BY BRACING
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM vol. 9, 2002, No. 3+4
J. Čulík, I. Mařík, P. Černý, P. Zubina
Czech Technical University of Prague, Faculty of Civil
Engineering, Dept. of Structural Mechanics,
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
Aim of the study: In childhood scoliosis
of the spine is usually treated by brace
(when the degree of scoliosis according to
Cobb is above 20). The shape of brace; and
the time of its use is determined according
to orthopaedist and/or orthopaedic prosthetics
experiences. The laminate brace
made according to plaster form pushes to
child trunk as a small shoe with aim to correct
the scoliosis curves. There is no science
theory how a brace influences the
stress state of spine and curve remodelling
in time. The aim is to show the computer
algorithms for determine a stress states at
vertebras, intervertebral discs and ligaments
under brace force effects. The stress
state has effect on correction of pathologic
spine curves. The spine curve corrections
have two components. The first is elastic
effect and it disappears after the orthosis is
put off. If the orthosis has been putting on
trunk for a long time than the second part
of correction can be observed – it is permanent
effect.