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) ) Fig u re 1. 1 2. 1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 LIST OF FIGURES Bathymetry of the Greater Antilles Outer Rid g e and vie i n i ty. . .. .... Echo-sounding profiles on the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . . . . . . . . Bathymetri c map of the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ridge showing locations of the seismic profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic reflection profile on the crest of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . . . Map showi ng domi nant sedi ment type and sediment thickness above Datum A. Map showing distribution of Datum A and basement peaks. . . . . . .. ... Seismic reflection profile on the far eastern sector of the Greater Antilles Outer Ri dge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idealized profile along the topographic axis of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . Sei smi c refl ecti on profi 1 e across the Caicos Outer Ridge and Greater Antilles Outer Ri dge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic reflection profile showing Datum A outcrop near southern end of the Si 1 ver Abys s alP 1 a in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seismic reflection profile across the Nares Abyssal Plain and Greater Antilles Outer Ri øge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Seismic reflection profile across the Hatteras Abyssal Plain and northwest secti on of the Greater Anti 11 es Outer 3. 11 Ridge . .. ............ Seismic reflection profile across the Silver Abyssal Plain and the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . . . . . . . . 8 Page 16 23 30 32 36 38 42 44 47 51 55 58 60
Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (12 kHz) illustrating layered valley formation. . . . . . . 3. 13 4. 1 4.2 Seismic reflection profile across the G rea t e r An till e sOu t erR i d 9 e show i n g migration of sediment swells. . . . General lithology of cores from the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . Grain size distribution in cores from the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ri dge and Nares Abyssal Plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Organic carbon in cores from the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge and Nares Abyssal Plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Bottom photographs taken on the fl anks of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . . 4.5 Distal turbidite sequences in a core from the Nares Abyssal Plain. . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 General lithology of cores taken from a layered valley. and adjacent sediment swell 4.7 Graph of carbonate factors for core KN25-4GPC. . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Curves of carbonate content in cores from the Greater Anti lles Outer Ri dge . . . . . . . . 4.9 Chlorite abundances in samples from abyssal depths in the western North Atlantic Ocean 4.10 Chlorite abundances in sediment samples from the continental margin of eastern North Ameri ca and from the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 Abundance of the Globorotalia menardii complex in cores from the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ages and general lithology of cores from the north slope of the Puerto Rico Trench. 9 Page 62 64 68 70 73 75 78 81 84 86 96 98 110 118 'i :/ \ . )
Page 1 and 2: I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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Page 7 and 8: parent sediment on the eastern oute
Page 9 and 10: esearch. 5 )
Page 11: Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 15 and 16: Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
Page 17 and 18: \ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
Page 21 and 22: ) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
Page 23 and 24: ~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
Page 25 and 26: ) ) This is expected since most of
Page 27: GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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Page 32 and 33: egi onal contours. An area centered
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Page 41 and 42: '"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
Page 43: Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
Page 46 and 47: sequence corresponds to layered tur
Page 49: ) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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Page 55 and 56: "- '''--.- 25° ................. .
Page 57 and 58: ) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
Page 59 and 60: ) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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) )
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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) )
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.\ ! ') )
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ì/ )
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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) ) /
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) )
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\ j )
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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) )
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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) ) )
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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\ ) \ ì ../
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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') .I \...../
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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. \ .' ì ,) ~)
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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. ì )
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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) )
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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) \ ./
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'i j
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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I ) \ )
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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) )
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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:') ¡i )
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\ i / ') ./
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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) )
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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) )
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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\ ) ) . //
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) . ) .
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) , )
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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