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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin and B.C. Heezen (1961) Atlantic deep-sea sediment cores: Geol. Soc. America B u 1 1., v. 72, p. 193- 286 . 250 Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing and G. Wollin (1964) The Pleistocene e p 0 chi n de e p ~ sea sed i me n t s : S c i en c e, v. 146, p. 723 - 732 . Ericson, D.B. and G. Wollin (1968) Pleistocene climates and chronology in deep-sea sediments: Science, v. 162, p. 12 2 7 - 12 34 . Ewing, J.I. and M. Ewing (1962) Reflection profiling in and around the Puerto Rico Trench: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 6 7, p. 4 7 2 9 - 4 7 39 . Ewing, J.I., J.L. Worzel, M. Ewing and C. Windisch (1966) Ages of Horizon A and the oldest Atlantic sediments: Science, v. 154, p. 1125-1132. Ewing, J.I., C. Windisch and M. Ewing (1970) Correlation of Horizon A with Joides bore-hole results: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 75, p. 5645-5653. Ewing, J.I. and C.D. Hollister (1972) Regional aspects of deep sea drilling in the western North Atlantic: in Hollister, C.D., Ewing, J.I., and others, Initial-- Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, v~ 11, p. 951-973. Ewing, M., A. Lonardi and J. I. Ewi ng( 1968) The sediments and topography of the Puerto Ri co Trench and Outer Ridge: Trans. Fourth Caribbean Geo1. Conf., Trinidad, 1965, p. 325-334. Ewing, M. and F. Mouzo (1968) Ocean bottom photographs in the area of the 01 dest known outcrops, North Atl anti c Ocean: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., v. 61, p. 787-793. Ewing, M., S. E i t t rei m , M . Truchan an dJ . I . Ewing (1969) Sediment distribution in the Indian Ocean: Deep-Sea Res., v. 16, p. 231-248. Ewing, M., S.L. Eittreim, J.I. Ewing and X. Le Pichon (1971) Sed i men t t ran s po r tan d d i s t rib uti 0 n i nth e Ar g en tin e Basin. 3. Nepheloid layer and processes of sedimentation: in Ahrens, L.H., and others (eds.), Physics and C h e m i s t ry 0 f the Ear t h, Per g am 0 n Pre s s, New Y 0 r k , v. 8, p. 3-28. Frassetto, R. and J. Northrop (1957) Virgin Islands bathymetric survey: Deep-Sea Res.,v. 4, p. 138-146. '; )
) \ ) Fuglister, F.C. (1960) Atlantic Ocean Atlas of temperature and salinity profiles and data from the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958: Woods HoleOceanogr. Inst. Atlas Series, v. 1, 209 ~p. Golovchenko, X., R.E. Sheridan and J.I. Ewing (1973) Late Cenozoi c hi story of sedimentati on in the Bl ake-Bahama Basin: Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, v. 54, p. 336. Griffin, G.M. and R.L. Ingram (1955) Clay minerals of the Neuse River estuary: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 25, p. 194-200. G r i s com, A. and W. H. G e d des (1966) Isla n d - arc s t r u c t u r e i nte rp re ted from ae romagneti c data nea r P ue rto Ri co and the Vi rgin Islands: Geol. Soc. Ameri ca Bull., v. 7 7, p. 15 3 - 16 2 . Habib, D. (1972) Dinoflagellate stratigraphy Leg 11, Deep Sea Drilling Project: in Hollister, C.D., J.I. Ewing and others: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Gov1t. Printing Office, Washington, v. 11, p. 367-425. . Hamilton, E.L. (1970) Sound velocity and related properties of marine sediments, North Pacific: Jour. Geophys. Re s ., v. 75, p. 4423 - 4 446 . Hathaway, J.C. (i972a) Regional clay mineral facies in estuaries and continental margin of the United States east coast: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 133, p. 293-316. Hathaway, J.C. (1972b) X-ray mineralogical studies - Leg 11, Part 2: in Hollister, C.D., J.t. Ewing and others, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Go V It. P r i n tin g 0 f f ice, Was h i n g ton, v. 11, p. 7 7 2 - 7 89 . Hayes, D.E., L.A. Frakes, P. Barrett, D.A. Burns, P. Chen, A.B. Ford, A.G. Kaneps, E.M. Kemp, D.W. McCollum, D.J.W. Piper, R.E. Wall and P.N. Webb (1973) Leg 28 deep-sea drilling in the southern ocean: Geotimes, (June), p. 19-24. Heezen, B.C. and H.W. Menard (1963) Topography of the deepsea floor: in Hill, M.N. (ed.), The Sea, Interscience Publ., New York, v. 3, p. 233-280. Heezen, B.C., C.D. Hollister and W.F. Ruddiman (1966) Shaping of the continental rise by deep geostrophic contour currents: Science, v. 152, p. 502-508. Heezen, B.C. and C.D. Hollister (1971) The Face of the Deep, Oxford University Press, New York, 659 pp. 251
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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\ )
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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Page 306 and 307: in favor of the concept that the su
Page 308 and 309: on the north flank of the far easte
Page 310 and 311: that enough suspended matter has be
Page 312 and 313: The following pages describe a mode
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Page 316 and 317: series of ridges associated with an
Page 318 and 319: Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
Page 320 and 321: :') ¡i )
Page 322 and 323: \ i / ') ./
Page 324 and 325: (Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
Page 326 and 327: 229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
Page 329 and 330: \ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
Page 332 and 333: Downslope sedimentation covered the
Page 335 and 336: ) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
Page 337 and 338: '\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
Page 339 and 340: ) / the same event of current-contr
Page 341 and 342: ) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
Page 343 and 344: ) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
Page 345 and 346: ) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
Page 347 and 348: ) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
Page 349: ) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
Page 352 and 353: 248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
Page 356 and 357: Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
Page 358 and 359: McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
Page 360 and 361: Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
Page 362 and 363: " ) )
Page 364 and 365: 259 approximation of the amount of
Page 366 and 367: s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
Page 368 and 369: ) )
Page 370 and 371: Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
Page 372 and 373: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 374 and 375: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 376 and 377: TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
Page 378 and 379: CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
Page 380 and 381: KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
Page 382 and 383: LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
Page 384 and 385: ) )
Page 386 and 387: s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
Page 388 and 389: ~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
Page 390 and 391: TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
Page 393 and 394: ) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
Page 395: ) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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