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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the northern assemol age of minerals should be expected, since much of the sediment appears to have been transported more than 2500 km to the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. This dilution by minerals other than illite and chlorite may explain why chlorite on the outer ri dge is at the lower end of the spectrum for chlorite abundances in a northern assemblage (Figs. 4.9, 4.10). There is no other source for the chlorite-enriched sediment on the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge (Fig. 4.9), nor is the assembl age found outsi de the areas i nfl uenced by the Western Boundary Undercurrent. The Antarctic Bottom Water which flows into the Puerto Rico Trench and onto the Nares Abyssal Plain from the south appears to carry a very small amount of sediment in suspension (Eittreim and Ewing, 1972), and the suspended materi al probably consi sts of a tropi cal mineral assemblage of kaolinite and montmorillonite derived from South America. It has been suggested that chlorite may form in the mari ne envi ronment by al terati on of other conti nentally derived material (Griffin and Ingram, 1955; Powers, 1957), but the importance of this mechanism is doubtful. Hathaway (1972b) demonstrated that chlorite is more abundant in younger sediments at DSDP Site 105 on the continental rise, so it is unlikely that prolonged exposure to marine conditions had caused diagenetic chlorite formation. The close correla- tion between continental chlorite sources and marine chlorite 99 ) )
: ) ) abundances (Biscaye, 1965; Rateev and others, 1966) strongly suggests a detrital origin for chlorite in the deep sea. The effect of glacial/interglacial changes in sediment source and/or competence of currents which transport the sedi ment mi ght be expected to appear in the sedi ments. Zimmerman (1972), for example, found consistent differences in the clay mineralogy of Holocene (montmorillonite-amphibole 100 rich) and Pleistocene (montmorillonite-amphibole poor) facies beneath the Western Boundary Undercurrent on the New England continental rise. However, cores from the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge show no systematic differences in mineralogy between glacial and interglacial sediments (Cores AII60-8:GC2, GC16, GC19; Table 4.1). It is likely that mineral-dilution effects during the presumed long transport of the sediment damp out subtle mineralogical variations. The samples from the north slope of the Puerto Rico Trench (CH57, core 12, 190 and 265 cm; Table 4.1) are typical of the sediments found there. Most of the sediment cored on the north slope is lithologically similar to the sample at 190 em in core CH57-12 and probably has a similar composition. The sequenc~of altered ash in these cores would have a composition like the sample at 265 cm. It is likely that the ashes were deposited during the Pliocene- P 1 e i s t 0 c e n e vol can ism i nth e Ant ill e s ( W ey 1, 1 9 6 8) 0 rat a n even earlier time (see Chapter V).
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
Page 99 and 100: ) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
Page 101 and 102: ~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
Page 103: .'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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Page 108 and 109: average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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Page 116 and 117: 10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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Page 120 and 121: The laminated zones and overlying p
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Page 127 and 128: ) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
Page 134 and 135: currents have transported many Fora
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Page 138 and 139: TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
Page 140 and 141: the following peaks and weighting f
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Page 152 and 153: The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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Page 158 and 159: TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 160 and 161: and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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Page 164 and 165: TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 166 and 167: Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
Page 168 and 169: consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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Page 172 and 173: \ ) \ ì ../
Page 174 and 175: in age, and the ash is probably ass
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Page 178 and 179: 122 must result from mixing with th
Page 180 and 181: eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
Page 182 and 183: whi ch recorded currents for about
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Page 186 and 187: ottom photographs in February, 1972
Page 188 and 189: Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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Institution

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