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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX c: U oi- Cl c: IX M i. l. -- OJ c: i- l/ l. i- c: IX z: o ic:i- z: l. i- :: Cl l. l/ Cl l. i- c: -- :: U -c: U -c o -i .¡ Q) :: - i- ;: o o o_ .. EU Q) .¡ l' IX c. OJ i- ;: Q) .¡ l' Cl E U -i .¡ i- a. l' Q) ;: Cl i- Q) .¡ C i- o z: Q) io U Q) i- a. 0 E z: l' l/ N.. - _.. UU i- il' l' .¡ .¡ 00 i- i- "d "d_ i o M _ 00 1. 0 _ N +1+1 i. 0 0.. N.. co "d _ _ CO .. I i O"d 1. UU øø 1. 1. co CO 00 I I 1. 1. i- ii-ic: c: co C' i. i. C' C' 1. 1. i I i- i- Q) Q) Q) .¡.¡ .¡ l' l' l' C C C 000 .. .. .. i- i- i- UUU l' l' l' 1. i. i. _ _ _ I .. I MO _ _ N _ N o _I N _ I I _ CO M 1. C' C' .. i.00 ON 1. _ _ 1. +1+1+1 0i.0 01.0 o 1. i. i. .. 1. N _ .. N C' _ "d _ I I I C' CO 1. M CO _ UUU øøø "d "d "d I I I CO CO CO 000 1. 1. 1. i- i- i- i- i- i- c: c: c: C' 0.. .. CO i. .. .. C' 1. 1. 1. i I I i- i- i- Q) Q) Q) l'l'U l' C C C .... 00i-0 i-i-.¡¡. l'.. UUi-U l'l' 0 l' .. i. N C' M _ I I CO _ .. .¡.¡ .¡ i. .. C' N _ v .. .. "d "d N _ I I i. C' CV C' N.. _ _ v 00i. _ N i. _ _ _ +1+1+1 0000 C' 1. 0 0 _ _ N 0 i. .. _ 0 _ "d NO OMO- _ i. _ M I I I I "d .. i. "d "d C' 0 M UUUU c. c. c. c. øøøø "d "d "d "d i. NNNN i. i. i. .z:z:z:z: :: :: :: :: MCOO- .. .. 1. 1. .. .. C' C' 1. 1. 1. 1. i I I I i- i- i- i- c o Q) c or- i- -c :: E _ i- .. 0 . 'ro i- Q) VI .¡ o X or- Q) .¡ l' Q) i- -i .¡ ;: i- ;: Q) .. ;: o -c U Q) Q) C i- "r- E Q) ii- Q) o .¡ U Q) c -c o Q) 'r- -i .¡.¡- U U l' C' c. c.Cø E 'r- "d OVl" U :: i. N i- C' Z o C:: /I 'r- .. C' C C Q) i. 'r- .¡ .. C i- Q) 00 .¡ -i i- vi-C o C -i Q) l' VI i- 0- Q) U U i- ø o i- "d U 0 4- -C i- C io ;: l' Q) 4- i- i- C U i- -COøl' Q) 1. .. .¡ -C .. UQ)COQ) Q).¡ i ii-UOO i- Q) 1. U o i- i- U i- i- Q) C Oc:-i -- :: U...¡ .... _ N 113
. j near-surface samples: 1) the wide sampling interval \ ) j (6-8 em) which includes older carbon, 2) the presence of older carbonate reworked from the Bahama Banks or older carbon carried in by currents, 3) carbonate formation in surface waters having a reduced C14/C12 ratio relative to the atomsphere (Broecker and others, 1960), or 4) very low Recent sedimentation rates. The last explanation seems doubtful, since earlier interglacial periods (V and X, Table 5.2) show reasonably high sedimentation rates. Average sedimentation rates are derived by assuming that these factors have the same relative effect on each sample da ted. The radiocarbon dates suggest rapid sedimentation (10-30 cm/1000 yr) on the crest and extreme south flank of the western Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. Rates determined by this method are slightly ~igher than those determined from the microfossil zonation, but the difference may be accounted for by sedi ment compacti on effects deeper in the cores, beyond the range datable by radiocarbon. The dates are in general agreement with an 11,000 yr B.P. age for the . initiation of the Holocene warming trend. Rapid sedimentation is also indicated by measurements of physical properties made on cores from the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge (see Appendix IV). Consolidation 114 measurements demonstrate that the sediments are underconsoli- dated with respect to their depth of burial, whereas sediments from areas of less rapid sedimentation are normally
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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) )
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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') ) ) /
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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\ )
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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) )
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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) )
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.\ ! ') )
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ì/ )
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Page 120 and 121: The laminated zones and overlying p
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Page 127 and 128: ) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
Page 134 and 135: currents have transported many Fora
Page 136 and 137: increased dissolution (elevated lys
Page 138 and 139: TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
Page 140 and 141: the following peaks and weighting f
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Page 148 and 149: ) )
Page 150 and 151: Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
Page 152 and 153: The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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Page 158 and 159: TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 160 and 161: and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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Page 164 and 165: TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 168 and 169: consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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Page 172 and 173: \ ) \ ì ../
Page 174 and 175: in age, and the ash is probably ass
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Page 178 and 179: 122 must result from mixing with th
Page 180 and 181: eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
Page 182 and 183: whi ch recorded currents for about
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Page 186 and 187: ottom photographs in February, 1972
Page 188 and 189: Several important features were obs
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Page 194 and 195: )j )
Page 196 and 197: ) )
Page 198 and 199: , " ) ) ./
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Page 202 and 203: '\ ) ) J
Page 204 and 205: I )
Page 206 and 207: 141 turn north in the western part
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Page 212 and 213: 145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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. ì )
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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) )
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northwest flow along the west flank
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\ )
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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) \ ./
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'i j
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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I ) \ )
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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) )
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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:') ¡i )
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\ i / ') ./
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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) )
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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) )
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) \ )
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\ )
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\ ) ) . //
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) . ) .
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\ ) )
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.J , .)
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ì /"
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D \ )
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\ / ) /
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) , )
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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