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whi ch recorded currents for about four months, incorporated five current meters in three moorings. The moorings on the southern edge of the Nares Abyssal Plain and north flank of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge (A and B respectively, Fi g. 6.1) i ncl uded two current meters, at 15 and 200 m off 126 the bottom, to determi ne vari abi 1 i ty of currents wi th depth. The third mooring (C) contained only a single current meter. Since the records from the deep and shallow instruments were nearly identical in the first setting of current meters, the second setting was made with one current meter per mooring, at 100 m above the bottom. The meters were set for about si x months near a common depth of 5300 ms wi th one at the northwest ti p of the outer ri dge and one each on the north and south flanks (D,E,F, Fig. 6.1), in an attempt to moni tor the cl ockwi se flow around the end of the outer ri dge i ndi cated by the hydrography and the bottom photographs. Hydrographi c Stati ons Hydrographic data from depths greater than 3500 meters were collected at 57 stations during five cruises made .since early 1971 (Fig. 6.1). Four deep stations were made in January, 1971, from MSS MT. MITCHELL, and in February a section of deep stations was made from R/V KNORR along the current meter line from 23° to 210N lat. In August, 1971, we made 23 stations combining bottom photography and water sampling from R/V ATLANTIS II over the northwestern section. of the outer ridge. KNORR made additional stations with )
) , Fi gure 6.1. Bathymetri c map of the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ridge and vicinity showing positions of hydrographic stations and the locations of hydrographic sections (Fig. 6.2). Letters indicate current-meter positions (see Table 6.1). Current-meter moori ngs A to C were bracketed by Section 5 (KNORR, February, 1971) and moorings D to F by pairs of hydrographic stations (KNORR, February, 1972). 127
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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.\ ! ') )
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
Page 134 and 135: currents have transported many Fora
Page 136 and 137: increased dissolution (elevated lys
Page 138 and 139: TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
Page 140 and 141: the following peaks and weighting f
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Page 150 and 151: Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
Page 152 and 153: The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
Page 154 and 155: gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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Page 158 and 159: TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 160 and 161: and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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Page 164 and 165: TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 166 and 167: Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
Page 168 and 169: consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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Page 172 and 173: \ ) \ ì ../
Page 174 and 175: in age, and the ash is probably ass
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Page 178 and 179: 122 must result from mixing with th
Page 180 and 181: eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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Page 186 and 187: ottom photographs in February, 1972
Page 188 and 189: Several important features were obs
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Page 194 and 195: )j )
Page 196 and 197: ) )
Page 198 and 199: , " ) ) ./
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Page 206 and 207: 141 turn north in the western part
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Page 212 and 213: 145 bottle spacing. An example is t
Page 215 and 216: ~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
Page 217 and 218: ) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
Page 219 and 220: ) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
Page 221 and 222: ,) -) 152 structure persist at and
Page 223 and 224: ) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
Page 225 and 226: ) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
Page 227 and 228: ) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
Page 229 and 230: ) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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