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) ) REFERENCES CITED Amos, A.F. and E.C. Escowitz (1971) Abyssal water circulati on and spreadi ng of Antarcti c Bottom Wa ter in the western North Atlantic: Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, v. 52, p. 241-242. Amos, A.F., A.L. Gordon and E.D. Schneider (1971) Water masses and ci rcul ati on patterns in the regi on of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge: Deep-Sea Res.~ v. 18, p. 145-166. 247 Arrhenius, G. (1963) Pelagic sediments: in Hill, M.N. (ed.), The Sea, Interscience Publ., New Yor~ v. 3, p. 655-727. Bader, R.G., R.D. Gerard, W.E. Benson, H.M. Bolli, W.W. Hay, W.T. Rothwell, Jr., M.H. Ruef, W.R. Riedel and F.L. Sayles (1970) Site 28: in Bader, R.G. and others, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, v. 4, p. 125-143. Barrett, J.R.~ Jr. (1965) Subsurface currents off Cape Hatteras: Deep-Sea Res., v. 12, p. 173-184. Be~,A.W.H., J.M. Forns and O.A. Roels (1971) Plankton abundance in the North Atlantic Ocean: in Costlow, J.D. (ed.), Ferti 1 i ty of the Sea, Gordon and Breach, New York, v. 1, p. 17-50. Berger, W.H. (1968) Planktonic Foraminifera: selective solution and paleoclimatic interpretation: Deep-Sea Res., v. 15, p. 31-43. B erg g r e n ,W . A. , J.D. Phi 11 ips, A . Bertels and D . Wall (1 9 6 7) . Late Pliocene-Pleistocene stratigraphy in deep sea cores from the south-central North Atlantic: Nature, v. 216, p. 253-254. Berggren, W.A. and C.D. Hollister (1972) Biostratigraphy and circulation history of the North Atlantic: in Hay, W.W. (ed.), Geological History of Oceans, Soc. Ecõñ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec. Paper (in press). Biscaye, P.E. (1964) Distinction between kaolinite and chlorite in Recent sediments by x-ray diffraction: Am. Mineralogist, v. 49, p. 1281-1289. Biscaye, P.E. (1965) Mineralogy and sedimentation of Recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans: Geol. Soc. America BulL., v. 76, p. 803-832.
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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') ) ) /
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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\ )
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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.\ ! ') )
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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\ j )
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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) )
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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) ) )
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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\ ) \ ì ../
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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') .I \...../
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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. \ .' ì ,) ~)
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141 turn north in the western part
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. ) ) / )
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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. ì )
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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) \ ./
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'i j
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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I ) \ )
Page 300 and 301: cannot always be accepted at face v
Page 302 and 303: The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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Page 306 and 307: in favor of the concept that the su
Page 308 and 309: on the north flank of the far easte
Page 310 and 311: that enough suspended matter has be
Page 312 and 313: The following pages describe a mode
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Page 316 and 317: series of ridges associated with an
Page 318 and 319: Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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Page 322 and 323: \ i / ') ./
Page 324 and 325: (Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
Page 326 and 327: 229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
Page 329 and 330: \ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
Page 332 and 333: Downslope sedimentation covered the
Page 335 and 336: ) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
Page 337 and 338: '\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
Page 339 and 340: ) / the same event of current-contr
Page 341 and 342: ) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
Page 343 and 344: ) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
Page 345 and 346: ) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
Page 347 and 348: ) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
Page 349: ) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
Page 353 and 354: ') 249 Bunce, E. T . ~J . D . Phill
Page 355 and 356: ) \ ) Fuglister, F.C. (1960) Atlant
Page 357 and 358: ) ) Kennett, J.P. and P. Huddlestun
Page 359 and 360: \ ) ì ./ Reynolds, R.C. and J. How
Page 361 and 362: ) ) 257 Worthington,L.V. andW.R.Wri
Page 363 and 364: .) ~) APPENDIX I SEDIMENT CORES Cor
Page 365 and 366: 0 Li E 0 +' +' QJ oSa: 0 u +' 1t~0
Page 367 and 368: E Q) 0 c -i Q) Q) Q) Q) -i Q) c u 0
Page 369 and 370: ) / APPENDI X I I BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPH
Page 371 and 372: ) ) TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS
Page 373 and 374: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 375 and 376: ) TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
Page 377 and 378: ) ) TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS
Page 379 and 380: ) ) CH 36 CH 57 CH 75 KN 25 KN 25 T
Page 381 and 382: ) / ) KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 LL 8 LL 8 T
Page 383 and 384: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 385 and 386: )~J . / ) APPENDIX III SUSPENDED PA
Page 387 and 388: ) ) s. -i M a LO .. .. Q) -l.. ~ a
Page 389 and 390: ) ~ .. a i. M N M Q) ~.. M i. .- LO
Page 391: \,-/ '-- TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PART
Page 394 and 395: ~ vane which penetrated deeper into
Page 397 and 398: ~ ) ~ ~ \ ji 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 WA
Page 399 and 400: , ) ) 289 Figure A4.2. Plots of wat
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\. ~ WATER CONTENT (%ORY WT) SHEAR
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) \ j 291 Figure A4.3. Plots of wat
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, ',, ~ .~ WATER CONTENT (% DRY WT.
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') ) 293 Figure A4.4. Plots of wate
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, ) )
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) ) ~ ~ ~ WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) 6
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) ) Figure A4.7. Plots of water con
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) Fig u re A4. 7 300
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) ) ./ 301 Figure A4.8. Plots of wa
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) ) t\-- §" ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V) a Q:
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) ) Fi g u re A4. 9 . 303 Plots of
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) ) tI WATER CONTENT (% DRY WT) 60
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~ ) -) 305 Figure A4.10. Plots of w
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o (/ ) ~ i. l. ~ 12 ) 4 8 16 20 306
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. I ) .)
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) )
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) ) V) ~l. ~ WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT
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) ) 311 Figure A4.13. Plots of wate
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\ ' ) ) ./
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Tucholke, B.E., C.D. Hollister, and
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~' \'~ -i -1. -ater "'ge - f1odsile
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\ ) ) UNCLASSIFI ED 1/31/74 SECURIT
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