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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1969) Summary of current meter operations in 1968. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Ref. # 6 9 - 14, 2 5 P p. (u n pub 1 ish ed man use rip t) . Metcalf, W.G. (1969) Dissolved silicate in the deep North Atlantic: Deep-Sea Res., Suppl. to v. 16, p. 139-145. 254 Monroe, W.H. (1968) The age of the Puerto Rico Trench:. Geol. Soc. America BulL., v. 79, p. 487-494. Needham, H.D., D. Habib and B.C. Heezen (1969) Upper Carboniferous palynomorphs as a tracer of red sediment dispersal patterns in the northwest Atlantic: Jour. Geology, v. 77, p. 113-120. Northrop, J. and M. Ransone (1962) Some seismic profiles near the western end of the Puerto Ri co Trench: Jour. Gen. Physiology, v. 45, p. 243-251. Partheniades, E. (1962) A study of erosion and deposition of cohesive soils in salt water: unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Pimm, A.C. (1970) Carbon carbonate results, Leg 4: .i Bader, R.G. and others, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Gov1t. Printing Office, Washington, v. 4, p. 307-314. Pitman, W.C.,III and M. Talwani (1972) Sea-floor spreading in the North Atlantic: Geol. Soc. America BulL., v. 83, p. 6 1 9 - 6 4 6. Postma, H. (1967) Sediment transport and sedimentation in the estuarine environment: in Lauff, G.H. (ed.), Estuaries, Am e r i can Ass 0 c. for the A d van c e me n t 0 f S c i en c e , Washington, p. 158-179. Powers, M.C. (lg57) Adjustment of land-derived clays to the marine environment: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 27, p. 355- 372. Raitt, R.W. (1963) The crustal rocks: in Hill, M.N. (ed.), The Sea, Interscience Publ., New York, v. 3, p. 85-102. Rateev, M.A., L.N. Gorbunova, A.P. Lisitzin and G.!. Nosov ( 1966) C 1 i mat i c d i s t rib uti 0 n z 0 n a 1 i ty 0 f clay m i n era 1 s in sediments of the World Ocean (in Russian): Litol. i Polez. Iskopay., no. 3. Rex, R.W. and B. Murray (1970) X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 4:. in Bader, R.G. and others, Initial Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Gov1t. Printing Office, Washington, v. 4, p. 325-369. ) , / ,. r
\ ) ì ./ Reynolds, R.C. and J. Hower. 255 (1970) The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites: Clays and C1ay Min., v. 18,p. 25-36. Richards, A.F. (1962) Investigations of deep-sea sediment cores, II. Mass physical properties: U.S. Navy Hydro- . graphi c Offi ce Techni cal Report 106, 146 pp. Richardson, P.L. and J.A. Knauss (1971) Gulf stream and Western Boundary Undercurrent observation at Cape Hatteras: Deep-Sea Res., v. 18,p. 1089-1110. Rowe, G.T. and R.J. Menzies (1969) Zonation of large benthic invertebrates in the deep-sea off the Carolinas: Deep-Sea Res., v. 16, p. 531-537. Rowe, G.T. (1971) Benthic biomass and surface productivity: .: Costlow, J.D. (ed.), Fertility of the Sea, Gordon and Breach, New York, v. 2, p. 441-454. Ruddiman, W.F. (1971) Pleistocene sedimentation in the equatorial Atlantic: stratigraphy and faunal paleoclimatology: Geol. Soc. America BulL., v. 82, p. 283- 302. Ry the r , J. H. and D. W. Me n z e 1 (1960) The sea son a 1 and . geographic range of primary production in the western Sargasso Sea: Deep-Sea Res., v. 6, p. 235-238. Savit, C.H., W.A. Knox, D.M. Blue and L. Paitson (1964) Reflection and velocity profiles at the Outer Ridge, Puerto Rico: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 69, p. 701-719. Schneider~ E.D. and B.C. Heezen (1966) Sediments of the Caicos Outer Ridge, the Bahamas~ Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, p. 1381-1398. Schuchert, C. (1968) Historical Geology of the Antillean- Caribbean Region,. Hafner Publ. Co., New York, 811 pp. Smith, J.D. and J.H. Foster (1969) Geomagnetic reversal in Brunhes normal polarity epoch: Science, v. 163, p. 565-567. Southard, J.B.,. R.A. Young and C.D. Hollister (1971) Experimental erosion of calcareous ooze: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 76, p. 5903-5909. Spencer, D.W. and P.L. Sachs (1970) Some aspects of the distribution, chemistry, and mineralogy of suspended matter in the Gulf of Maine: Marine Geol., v. 9, p. 117-136.
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
Page 308 and 309: on the north flank of the far easte
Page 310 and 311: that enough suspended matter has be
Page 312 and 313: The following pages describe a mode
Page 314 and 315: ) )
Page 316 and 317: series of ridges associated with an
Page 318 and 319: Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
Page 320 and 321: :') ¡i )
Page 322 and 323: \ i / ') ./
Page 324 and 325: (Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
Page 326 and 327: 229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
Page 329 and 330: \ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
Page 332 and 333: Downslope sedimentation covered the
Page 335 and 336: ) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
Page 337 and 338: '\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
Page 339 and 340: ) / the same event of current-contr
Page 341 and 342: ) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
Page 343 and 344: ) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
Page 345 and 346: ) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
Page 347 and 348: ) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
Page 349: ) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
Page 352 and 353: 248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
Page 354 and 355: Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
Page 356 and 357: Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
Page 360 and 361: Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
Page 362 and 363: " ) )
Page 364 and 365: 259 approximation of the amount of
Page 366 and 367: s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
Page 368 and 369: ) )
Page 370 and 371: Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
Page 372 and 373: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 374 and 375: TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
Page 376 and 377: TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
Page 378 and 379: CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
Page 380 and 381: KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
Page 382 and 383: LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
Page 384 and 385: ) )
Page 386 and 387: s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
Page 388 and 389: ~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
Page 390 and 391: TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
Page 393 and 394: ) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
Page 395: ) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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Page 402 and 403: \ )
Page 404 and 405: ') /
Page 406 and 407: \ ) ) . //
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) , )
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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