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sea floor are observed only in the abyssal-plain provinces. Although the transparent layer normally exhibits no internal reflectors in seismic reflection profiles, discrete . segments of reflective sediments, termed layered valleys, do appear (Figs. 3.10, 3.11, 3.12). They probably result from small turbidity currents. generated by slumping of sediment from nearby slopes, with subsequent deposition of graded material in depressions of the outer ridge (Chase and others, 1966; Bunce and others, 1973). These features are restricted enti rely to the western sector of the Greater Anti 11 es Outer. Ridge (Fig. 3.3), suggesting that this area is characterized by rapid sedimentation and consequent slope instability. In certain instances where the characteristics of the re cordi ng sys tem we re so adap ted, some se i smi c pro fi 1 es show layering within the transparent layer that is conformable wit h n e i the r the sea f 1 00 r nor the un de r 1 y i n~ s t r 0 n g e r reflectors. The pattern of reflectors often suggests migra- tion of sediment swells during the process of deposition (Fig. 3.13). Ewing and others (1971) have inferrèd that similar features in the Argentine Basin have been produced by abyssal currents. The apparent mi gratory pattern of the sedi ment swell s, their orientation at right angles to the sinuous axis of the outer ri dge, and the rel ati vely undi sturbedatti tude of the underlying stratified layer argue against compressional deformation as an agent in forming the swells. 56 j
\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflection profile made on VEMA cruise 22 from the Hatteras Abyssal Plain onto the northwest section of the Greater Antilles Outer' Ridge (Profile 3, Fig. 3.1). Note the interfingering of reflectors under the abyssal plain with the sediments of the transparent layer. Layered valleys occur as discrete reflector sequences within the transparent layer. The continuity of reflectors at the western end of the 0 ute r rid 9 e i n d i cat e s a his tory 0 f net deposition rather than erosion (see Chapter VIII). 57
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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Page 43: Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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Page 49: ) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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Page 57 and 58: ) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
Page 59 and 60: ) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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Page 63 and 64: .) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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Page 67 and 68: ) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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Page 71 and 72: ) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
Page 73 and 74: Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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Page 79 and 80: ) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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Page 87 and 88: ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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Page 91 and 92: ) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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Page 95 and 96: ) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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Page 99 and 100: ) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
Page 101 and 102: ~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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Page 108 and 109: average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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Page 116 and 117: 10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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Page 120 and 121: The laminated zones and overlying p
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Page 127 and 128: ) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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