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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMENTATION FOR THE GREATER ANTILLES OUTER RIDGE AND SURROUNDING Provi nce PROVINCES SINCE MIDDLE EOCENE TIMEt Average Rate - (cm/1000 yr)* Minimum Maximum Eastern Sector - Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ri dge 0.4 1. 2 Western Sector - Greater Ant i lle s Outer Ri dge 1. 4 2.0 Nares Abyssal Plain 0.3 0.8 Si 1 ver Abyssal Plain 0.4 1. 0 Southern end of Hatteras Abyssal Plain 0.4 1. 6 Ca i cos Outer Ri dge - Bahama Banks Apron 0 1. 0 North Slope of Puerto Ri co Trench 0 0.4 106 t Based on the ass u m p t ion s 1) that Datum A i sat i me 1 i n e of middle Eocene age, and 2) the average compressional wave velocity for the sediments overlying Datum is 1.8 km/sec. * No correcti ons have been made for compacti on effects. \ , , ) J
) ) Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. The bottoms of all cores contain the planktonic foraminiferans Globorotalia truncatulinoides, and Discoasteridae are absent; thus all sediment cor~is assumed to be Pleistocene and Holocene in age (Ericson and others, 1964; Berggren and others, 1967). The zonation of the Globorotalia menardii complex in these cores was studied to determine the rates of sediment accumulation on the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge. Ericson and Wollin (1968), Ruddiman (197l) and Kennett and Huddlestun (1972), among others, have utilized a semi- quantitative evaluation of the relative abundance of this taxonomic complex (~. menardii menardii, ~. menardii tumida, and~. menardii flexuosa) as an indicator of alternating warm and cool intervals in tropical and subtropical areas during the Quaternary. A sequence of zones designated Q-Z in order of decreasing age represents these intervals, where Q,S,U,W and Yare cool zones in which G. menardii is rare or absent~ and R~T,V~X and Z are warm zones with a b un d ant ~ . men a r d i i (E r i c s on an d W 0 11 in, 1968). T his warm/cool zonation is supported by curves of oxygen-isotope variations down through the V zone (Ruddiman, 1971). The ~ 175 ~m fraction of Foraminifera from the cores was judged representative of climatic change at this latitude (Kennett and Huddlestun, 1972), and frequency counts of a microsplit of about 300 specimens from each sample were made to determine the abundance of G. menardii 107
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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\ )
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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Page 120 and 121: The laminated zones and overlying p
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Page 127 and 128: ) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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Page 136 and 137: increased dissolution (elevated lys
Page 138 and 139: TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
Page 140 and 141: the following peaks and weighting f
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Page 150 and 151: Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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Page 160 and 161: and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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Page 164 and 165: TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 166 and 167: Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
Page 168 and 169: consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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Page 174 and 175: in age, and the ash is probably ass
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Page 178 and 179: 122 must result from mixing with th
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Page 186 and 187: ottom photographs in February, 1972
Page 188 and 189: Several important features were obs
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Page 196 and 197: ) )
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Page 202 and 203: '\ ) ) J
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Page 206 and 207: 141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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) )
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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) \ ./
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'i j
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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I ) \ )
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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:') ¡i )
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\ i / ') ./
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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) )
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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) )
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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\ ) ) . //
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) . ) .
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D \ )
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) , )
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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