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this region. However, all of these features have wavelengths and amplitudes similar to those of other abyssal sediment swells in the deep ocean (see Fig. 9.13 of Heezen and Holl i ster, 1971). SURROUNDING PROVINCES The southern end of the Hatteras Abyssal PL ai n, about 5500 m deep, bounds the northwest end of the Greater Antilles Outer Ri dge. It is connected to the Nares Abyssal Pl ai n by Vema Gap, which slopes toward the east parallel to the north- east flank of the outer ridge with a gradient of 1:1500. The Nares Abyssal Plain provides the northern boundary for the eastern sector of the outer ridge, and it slopes gently to the east from a depth of 5800 m at 67030'W long. down to 5900 m at 62030'W long. .The outer ridge is bounded on the west by the Silver Abyssal Plain, about 5500 m deep, and on the south by the Puerto Ri co Trench wi th depths of up to 8413 m. The north slope of the trench forms the south flank of the eastern sector of the outer ridge. Two sills connect the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge with marginal features of the Bahama Banks. The first of these, near 23030'N lat., 70030'W long., is only very slightly elevated above the level of the Hatteras and Si 1 ver Abyssal Plains. It connects the northwest end of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge with the Caicos Outer Ridge and has a maximum depth of about 5485 m. The second si 11 connects th~ southwest elbow of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge to the 26 )
) ) apron at the base of Navidad Bank and Silver Bank. The maxi mum depth of thi s sill is about 5230 m in a narrow passage at the southeast end of the Silver Abyssal Plain. The Greater Antilles Outer Ridge is thus formed bya .1ow, rolling rise of sediment with a hummocky surface, rising 400-700 m above the surrounding flat abyssal plains. Although the eastern sector bounds the Puerto Rico Trench on the north, the western sector extends away from the trench northwest to the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. 27
Page 1 and 2: I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
Page 3 and 4: ) )
Page 5 and 6: " \ / )
Page 7 and 8: parent sediment on the eastern oute
Page 9 and 10: esearch. 5 )
Page 11 and 12: Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
Page 15 and 16: Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
Page 17 and 18: \ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
Page 21 and 22: ) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
Page 23 and 24: ~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
Page 25 and 26: ) ) This is expected since most of
Page 27: GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
Page 30 and 31: j
Page 32 and 33: egi onal contours. An area centered
Page 36 and 37: ) ì /
Page 38 and 39: ') ) ) /
Page 41 and 42: '"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
Page 43: Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
Page 46 and 47: sequence corresponds to layered tur
Page 49: ) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
Page 52 and 53: \ )
Page 55 and 56: "- '''--.- 25° ................. .
Page 57 and 58: ) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
Page 59 and 60: ) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
Page 61 and 62: . Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
Page 63 and 64: .) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
Page 65 and 66: ) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
Page 67 and 68: ) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
Page 69 and 70: i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
Page 71 and 72: ) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
Page 73 and 74: Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
Page 75 and 76: co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
Page 77 and 78: ) 53
Page 79 and 80: ) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
Page 81 and 82: 0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
Page 83 and 84: \ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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) )
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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) )
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.\ ! ') )
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ì/ )
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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) ) /
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) )
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\ j )
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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) )
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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) ) )
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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\ ) \ ì ../
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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') .I \...../
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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. ì )
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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) )
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northwest flow along the west flank
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" ) /
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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) \ ./
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'i j
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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I ) \ )
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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) )
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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:') ¡i )
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\ i / ') ./
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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) )
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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) )
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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\ ) ) . //
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) . ) .
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.J , .)
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D \ )
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\ / ) /
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) , )
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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