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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 1500 and 3800 m wi th vari abl e fl ow at greater depths. A Swa 11 ow float at 5200 m in AAB W over the crest of the eastern s e c to r of the outer ri dge went east at 4 cm/sec; one at 5500 m on the south fl an k, a 1 so in AABW, went north at 2 cm/sec; and a thi rd at 4500 m in NADW on the north fl.ank went 3 cm/sec northeast. More recently, an eight-hour near-bottom current measurement at 124 5500 m in AABW on the far eastern section of the outer ridge (200471N lat., 61°561W long.) showed speeds up to 25 cm/sec to the southeast (Amos and Escowitz, 1971). CL early more data were needed to resol ve the modern pattern of abyssal circulation. Therefore we initiated a program of long-term near-bottom current measurements, closely spaced hydrographic stations, and bottom photography ) on the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ri dge early in 1971. METHODS Current Meters The current meters used were modified Geodyne Model 850, magnetic tape-recording instruments (McCullough and Tupper, 1969), and they were set to sample currents every 30 minutes for periods up to six months. The meters were incorporated in a relatively short (~220 m) mooring package with an anchor, a flotation package and an acoustically triggered release. Current meters were set on the Greater Anti 11 es Outer Ridge during two periods (Table 6.1). The first setting, \.. ./'
'--. '~¿ TABLE 6.1. SUMMARY OF CURRENT METER MOORINGS Current Depth Above Recordi ng Me te r Lat. ° N Long. oW (m) Bottom (m) Period Commen t Hei ght A(upper) 22°48.21 66°28.81 5616 200 71-I-21 Good Re co rd to 71-V-23 (122 days) A(lower) 22°48.21 66°28.8' 5801 15 71-I-21 Good Record to 71-V-23 (122 days) B(upper) 22°14.61 67°18.31 5201 200 71-I-22 33 day s 1 0 s t due to 71-IV-20 to tape s 1 i ppage ( 88 d ay s ) B(lower) 22°14.61 67°18.31 5386 15 71-I-22 Good Record to 71-V-23 (121 day s ) C 21°16.01 68°01.0. 5309 15 71-I-24 Rotor stuck, to 71-V-22 di recti on on ly (118 day s ) D 23°21.71 69°08.61 5352 100 71-XI-19 Good Record to 72-V-05 (169 days) E 23°48.21 68°38.1' 5290 100 71-XI-21 Good Record to 72-V-04 ( 166 day s ) F 23°45.11 69°36.81 5276 100 71-XI-21 Channels over- l- N to 72-V-04 wri tten, no data ui
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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\ )
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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.\ ! ') )
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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Page 131: ) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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Page 138 and 139: TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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Page 150 and 151: Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
Page 152 and 153: The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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Page 158 and 159: TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
Page 160 and 161: and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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Page 166 and 167: Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
Page 168 and 169: consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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Page 174 and 175: in age, and the ash is probably ass
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Page 178 and 179: 122 must result from mixing with th
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Page 186 and 187: ottom photographs in February, 1972
Page 188 and 189: Several important features were obs
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Page 206 and 207: 141 turn north in the western part
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Page 212 and 213: 145 bottle spacing. An example is t
Page 215 and 216: ~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
Page 217 and 218: ) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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Page 221 and 222: ,) -) 152 structure persist at and
Page 223 and 224: ) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
Page 225 and 226: ) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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Page 229 and 230: ) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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) 2700 ) 00 1800 F; g u re 6. 11 C
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, ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
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\ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
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) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
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) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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') ./ ) ,j 70° 68° 66° ~~oo · "
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Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
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S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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northwest flow along the west flank
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filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
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. '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
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) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
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'\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
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extensive erosion on the lower cont
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) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
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\ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
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201 In a sample where additional cl
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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE
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:1 / , ì j
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cannot always be accepted at face v
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The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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in favor of the concept that the su
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on the north flank of the far easte
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that enough suspended matter has be
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The following pages describe a mode
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series of ridges associated with an
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Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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(Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
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229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
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\ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
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Downslope sedimentation covered the
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) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
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'\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
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) / the same event of current-contr
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) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) d / 'I i II I Ii I i I i I I
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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