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TAB LE 7. 1. CALCULATE D CLAY MI NE RAL COMPOS I TI ON VERSUS SAMPLE CONCENTRATION Sample Concentration on Fi lter (mg/cm2) ML:I:C:K(l) M:I:C:K(2) 0.025 ND:ND:ND:ND ND:ND:ND:ND 0.05 N D : N D :N D : N D ND:ND:ND:ND 0.10 ND:P:P:P ND:P:P:P o. 15 5: 82: 9: 4 0:86:10:4 0.20 9:77:10:4 0: 84: 11 : 5 0.40 15:73:8:4 7: 80: 9 : 4 0.81 20:65:10:5 1 3 :7 1 : 11 : 5 203 1. 61 39:48:9:4 15:66:13:6 ) J 3.22 41:44:10:5 14:64:15:7 6.45 40:45:10:5 16:63:15:6 ND = not detected, P = present (1) Calcul ated accordi ng to the method used by Hathaway (1972a); see text for explanation. ML = montmorillonite plus mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite, I = illite, C = chlorite, K = kaolinite. (2) Calculated using peak areas and weighting factors of Biscaye (1965). M = montmorillonite, I = illite, C = chlorite, K = kaolinite. \ j
) ) concentrations when the weighting factors of Biscaye (1965) are used. This can be related to increased detection of o montmorillonite and its shift to 17 A upon glycolation of the high-concentration samples, resulting in a loss of o intensity in the 10 A illite peak of the glycolated samples (Fig. 7.6). The consequent increase in the calculated abundance of kaolinite-chlorite (compared at 1:2 204 o with the 10 A illite peak) is greater than that of montmorillonite (compared at 1:4 with the illite peak). It is apparent that consistent, high-intensity OOi reflections from the montmorillonite lattice are recorded only when this mineral is analyzed at relatively high con cent rati ons. At lower concentrati ons the 1 atti ce formed by particle-upon-particle deposition of the thin crystallites is apparently too small to create fully developed constructive and destructive interference of basal reflections. Thus, for sediment with this particular grain-size distribution and mineralogy, a sample thickness comparable to about 5 x 102 unit cells of montmorillonite is needed for fully developed Bragg diffraction. Obviously, the graph illustrated (Fig. 7.6) cannot be used for di rect comparison with other samples of widely ranging mineralogical composition and grain-size distribution. For example, samples with a higher true montmorillonite content wi 11 probably yi el d consi stent semi quanti tati ve estimates of composition at lower concentrations. The important point is that calculated mineral abundances
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I "a f IMods Hole '" ~ o c.,,~tlOGR
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parent sediment on the eastern oute
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esearch. 5 )
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Res u 1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 3.12 Echo-sounding profile (
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Fi gure 6.14 6. 15 7. 1 7.2 7.3 7.4
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\ I ) Table 4. 1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The area inv
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) \ .1 Fi gure i. 1. Bathymetry of
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~. ~ 71° 70° tI 68 fJ0 25° 7' 25
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) ) This is expected since most of
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GENERAL DES CRI PT I ON CHAPTE R I
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j
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egi onal contours. An area centered
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this region. However, all of these
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'"-, i~ 7t 70° 6f 68 67° 25° 72
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Fig u r e 3. 2 . CON RA D 10 s e is
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sequence corresponds to layered tur
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) . .) Figure 3.3. Map showing domi
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"- '''--.- 25° ................. .
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) ) others, 1973), and the upper po
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) Figure 3.5. CONRAD 8 seismic refl
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. Q) 3W/L NOI.L~ l( . (Y CI s. :: 0
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.) Figure 3.6. Idealized profile al
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) ) a: 0 ~ ~ (J L. Z Q) a: ~ lU UJ
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) ) Figure 3.7. CONRAD 10 seismic r
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i- (Y (1 ~:: en or- LL 47
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) ) THE TRANSPARENT LAYER The distr
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Fi gure 3.8. CH A I N 34 s e ism i
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co . (Y (l So :: O' "r- Li 51
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) 53
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) Figure 3.9. CONRAD 10 seismic ref
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0' (V CJ s. :: O' ... LL 55
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\ J ) Figure 3.10. Seismic reflecti
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or- . (V Q) S- :: rn Li 58
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ì ) Figure 3.11. CONRAD 10 seismic
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l UJ .líliiiP',,:... ¡ '"'" ~ ' ~
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) .I Figure 3.12. Echo-soundi ng pr
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N CV OJ s. :: 01 l. 62
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) ) Figure 3.13. CONRAD 10 seismic
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(' r- (' (j $. :: en 'r- LL 64
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) ) GENERAL LITHOLOGY CHAPTER iv TH
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~ , ) Figure 4.1. General lithology
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.'-/ '..-/ AIr 60-8 A II 60-8 An60~
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average of 80% lutite (~ 2 ~m) and
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10 m2, with an average value of 1.3
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The laminated zones and overlying p
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) ) Figure 4.7. Graph of carbonate
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) ) z 0 N O~ E I i ,,_.' i." I ." .
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) ì i Figure 4.8. Curves of carbon
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currents have transported many Fora
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increased dissolution (elevated lys
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TABLE 4.1. MINERALOGY OF THE c 2 ~m
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the following peaks and weighting f
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Obvi ous ly, di 1 uti on of the nor
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The m i n era log i c a 1 com po si
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gray 1 uti t e s per s i s t n ear
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TABLE 5.1. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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and thus the T-Z zonation (Fig. 5.1
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TABLE 5.2. AVERAGE RATES OF SEDIMEN
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Cl z: c: l/ l. i- c: Cl z: o OJ IX
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consolidated (A.J. Silva, pers. com
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) ) _/
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in age, and the ash is probably ass
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122 must result from mixing with th
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eas twa rd flow of NADW between 150
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whi ch recorded currents for about
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,) , ,
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ottom photographs in February, 1972
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Several important features were obs
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141 turn north in the western part
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145 bottle spacing. An example is t
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~() ~ 3.0 ~ ~ ) ~ ~i. ) .. ~ 2.0 ~i
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) ) Figure 6.6. Silicate ("g-atoms/
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) ) ~ 2.2 ~ 2.0 t2 ~ tt ~" 1.8 .. ~
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,) -) 152 structure persist at and
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) ~) 154 Figure 6.7. Current patter
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) ) 72° DEPTH IN CORR. METERS Fi g
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) ) speeds of 2 cm/sec (the stall s
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) I / Fi gure6. 8. 158 Progressi ve
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" ) / ) 10 19 17 5 5616 M 5801 M N
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) ) ~ 160 Figure 6.9. Polar histogr
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,) B(LOWER) START 22 B(UPPER) START
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) ) Figure 6.11. Polar histogram of
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Page 245 and 246: , ) ) _/ Figure 6.12. 168 Progress
Page 247 and 248: \ --~ E START 21 5 30 12 XI 21 xu )
Page 249 and 250: ) / i I .~J the flow recorded at cu
Page 251 and 252: ) Figure 6.13. Directions and relat
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Page 255: Fig u re 6. 14. i 75 Bottom photogr
Page 258 and 259: S e c t ion 2 (F i g s. 6. 1, 6. 7)
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Page 264 and 265: northwest flow along the west flank
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Page 270 and 271: filter (0.50 lJmpore size). After f
Page 273 and 274: . '! ) ) ,./ 2.2 ~ 2.i () '- 2.0 ~
Page 275 and 276: ) ) Figure 7.3. Light-scattering pr
Page 277 and 278: '\. './. V 23-7 V 23-6 V 25-74 V 25
Page 279 and 280: extensive erosion on the lower cont
Page 281 and 282: ) \/ (SEM) to determine composition
Page 283: \ ) ) Figure 7.4. 195 Scanning elec
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Page 290 and 291: The less than 2 ~m (lutite) fractio
Page 292 and 293: 201 In a sample where additional cl
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Page 300 and 301: cannot always be accepted at face v
Page 302 and 303: The apparent enrichment of chlorite
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Page 306 and 307: in favor of the concept that the su
Page 308 and 309: on the north flank of the far easte
Page 310 and 311: that enough suspended matter has be
Page 312 and 313: The following pages describe a mode
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Page 316 and 317: series of ridges associated with an
Page 318 and 319: Eocene to 01 i gocene (Monroe, 1968
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Page 322 and 323: \ i / ') ./
Page 324 and 325: (Table 8.1). The interbedded silts
Page 326 and 327: 229 Chase and Hersey, 1968). The th
Page 329 and 330: \ ! Figure 8.3. 231 Schematic diagr
Page 332 and 333: Downslope sedimentation covered the
Page 335 and 336: ) 235 Fi gure 8.4. Sketch showi ng
Page 337 and 338: '\ l ) ~z w u w a: o ~ wz w o u ~ w
Page 339 and 340: ) / the same event of current-contr
Page 341 and 342: ) Figure 8.5. Idealized representat
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) \ ) formed earlier depositional s
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) ) homogenei ty of the sediments o
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) ) 2 ) Sou t h S lop e - P u e rt
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248 Biscaye, P.E. and S.L. Eittreim
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Ericson, D.B., M. Ewing, G. Wollin
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Hersey, J.B. (1965) Sediment pondin
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McCullough, J.R. and G.H. Tupper (1
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Swallow, J.C. and L.V. Worthington
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" ) )
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259 approximation of the amount of
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s ~ 0 ~ Q) o '- CO 0 U ~ it \f0 Q)
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Crui se All 11 All 11 AII 60 Leg 8
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TABLE A2.1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (Con
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TAB LE A2. 1. BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHS (C
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CH 19 CH 19 CH 19 CH 34 CH 34 TABLE
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KN25 KN 25 KN 25 KN 25 TABLE A2.1.
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LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 LL 8 SA C ru is
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s. .. M i. 0 1. " .. QJ ..- N .. C'
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~.. c. 0' 0 .. Q)+l- ~ 0' 0' 0 ~ M
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TABLE A3.1. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE M
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) -) APPENDIX IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIE
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) ) Figure A4.1. Plots of water con
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) ) C\' 0 § to ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ CI Q:
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) /) 295 Figure A4.5. Plots of wate
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'-. ~, 160 SHEAR STRENGTH 30 50 (g/
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) ) Figure A4.6. Plots of water con
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) ) 307 Fi gure A4.11. Plots of wat
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"-, ',, WATER CONTENT (% DRY WEIGHT
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) j 309 Figure A4.12. Plots of wate
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) ) ./
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) 312 WATER CONTENT (%DRY WT) SHEAR
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) J BIOGRAPHY Born: Ma rch 19, 1946
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') \ ) ~UWDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST
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) J
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UNCLASSI FIED 1/31/74 SECURITY CLAS
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