POPs IN AFRICA HAZARDOUS WASTE TRADE 1980 - 2000 ... - Arte

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Kenya 59 Liberia 62 Libya 64 Madagascar 64 Malawi 65 Mali 65 Mauritania 66 Morocco And Western Sahara 69 Mozambique 71 Namibia 72 Niger 77 Nigeria 78 I Foreign Companies Using Nigeria As A Dumpsite 79 II Nigerian Companies & Citizens Invite Foreign Waste 85 Rwanda 91 São Thomé And Príncipe 91 Senegal 92 Seychelles 94 Sierra Leone 94 Somalia 98 South Africa 99 Sudan 107 Swaziland 108 Tanzania 108 Togo 111 Tunisia 112 Uganda 114 (Zaire, See: Congo, Democratic Republic) Zambia 115 Zimbabwe 116 3
HAZARDOUS WASTE EXPORTS TO AFRICA 1980 – 2000 INTRODUCTION Hazardous Waste OBSOLETE PESTICIDE STOCKPILES In the 1980s, Africa had the unfortunate distinction of being the first choice for the dumping of European wastes. The continent fell victim to some of the most infamous transshipments of toxic wastes: in places like Koko, Nigeria; Kassa Island, Guinea; Cato Ridge and South Africa, not to mention a constant barrage of schemes offering parcels of poison sweetened with much needed foreign cash. But Africa was the first to respond politically to the threat of such waste colonialism. In unprecedented numbers, African nations attended the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) negotiations in the late 1980s for the drafting of a new global treaty to regulate hazardous waste trade - the Basel Convention. Throughout the Basel Convention negotiations, African nations and the Organization of African Unity (OAU) called for bans to be adopted within the Basel Convention. However, when the Basel Convention was adopted in 1989, their concerns were largely ignored due to a handful of industrialized nations such as the UK, Germany, France and the US. At that time, such countries insisted on their right to sweep their hazardous waste problems out of their back door onto others. Africa was and still is vulnerable to the uneven economics of waste trade because it includes most of the world's most severely impoverished countries. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) lists the majority of African countries among the “Least Developed Countries” (LDC) of the world. Most of these countries are debtor countries in dire need of foreign exchange. Following the failure of the Basel Convention to protect them, the African countries agreed to refrain from signing pending a joint position and response on the Convention and the continuing threat of waste trade. This responsibility was taken up under the auspices of the OAU. The OAU wasted little time in taking up the gauntlet laid down at Basel. The OAU provided the leadership for the drafting of an African convention to prohibit all hazardous, including radioactive waste imports into Africa - the Bamako Convention, adopted in 1991 which entered into legal force in April 1998. In addition, prior to the adoption of the Bamako Convention, the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the European Community agreed in the Lomé IV Convention, a total import ban for the ACP countries on all hazardous, including radioactive wastes for any reason. 4
Page 1 and 2: POPs IN AFRICA HAZARDOUS WASTE TRAD
Page 3: CONTENTS 2 PAGE INTRODUCTION 4 Haza
Page 7 and 8: Convention (COP3) held in 1995, the
Page 9 and 10: The POPs treaty With these destruct
Page 11 and 12: These are known as unwanted, obsole
Page 13 and 14: Product responsibility substances w
Page 15 and 16: „It is not the policy of the indu
Page 17 and 18: POSITIONS OF AFRICAN INTERGOVERNMEN
Page 19 and 20: 17 Especially with the song “Toxi
Page 21 and 22: REGIONAL WASTE TRADE SCHEMES Waste
Page 23 and 24: d) several desalinisation plants; e
Page 25 and 26: OBSOLETE PESTICIDE STOCKS IN AFRICA
Page 27 and 28: 30 Journal of Commerce, December 23
Page 29 and 30: Pretext/Fate: Dumping and $12.5 Mil
Page 31 and 32: Scheme: The Syndicate I Date: proba
Page 33 and 34: CAMEROON “From 1985 to 1997, Buru
Page 35 and 36: CAPE VERDE make place at all (see a
Page 37 and 38: million francs in exchange for the
Page 39 and 40: The process was to be administered
Page 41 and 42: Inc., a U.S. waste broker firm base
Page 43 and 44: COTE D’IVOIRE American companies.
Page 45 and 46: 69 Die Tageszeitung, Berlin, (AFP q
Page 47 and 48: Background information on Taurus: T
Page 49 and 50: Source: Europe Exporter: Emvatrex (
Page 51 and 52: Waste import schemes: Scheme: Forei
Page 53 and 54: According to French environmental o
Page 55 and 56:
less-industrialized countries to st
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involved in the scheme. 95 Scheme:
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• Lindaco Ltd., Delaware, U.S. Li
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and Natural Resources, Josiah Kimem
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LIBERIA BASEL LOMÉ IV / COTONOU BA
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offered to purchase medicines worth
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Obsolete Pesticides: In Mali there
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of one million Deutschmarks (over U
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talked to the Baden-Wuerttemberg st
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NAMIBIA 140 GCPF 01/2001 141 Xinhua
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origin”. 147 Copper ores from dif
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aware of the Namibian government´s
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concurs fully with resolutions pass
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arrangement between Italian busines
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163West Africa, January 9-15, 1989.
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167West Africa, June 19-25; Xinhua,
Page 87 and 88:
COUNTRIES want our waste, why shoul
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concent of government. You are awar
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...We wiish to make a formal contac
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SENEGAL BASEL LOMÉ IV / COTONOU BA
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SEYCHELLES some 100 tonnes carbaryl
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Tests run on the wastes determined
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SOMALIA ICI, Kocide, Mitsuituatso,
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Note: The section on South Africa h
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Africa. 199 199West German Radio St
Page 105 and 106:
203 ibid. “ABC” with participat
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It was allowed to circumvent the wo
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SWAZILAND tonnes.” 210 BASEL LOM
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The Hon Shamhuna said as far as he
Page 113 and 114:
inflammable substances. The Togoles
Page 115 and 116:
One of the systems is proposed for
Page 117 and 118:
ZIMBABWE has been successfully remo
Page 119:
According to James de Vita, the U.S
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POPs IN AFRICA HAZARDOUS WASTE TRADE 1980 - 2000 ... - Arte

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