WBC-VIII-Vol.4 – Resources – Forestry, Plantations and ... - BambuSC

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305 clumps /ha at Eltogola forest site to 1100 clumps /ha at Kokaya forest site. However, the average number of clumps for all studied sites of South Kordofan was estimated at around 543 clumps /ha. Discussion The present work showed that bamboo is naturally distributed in a disjuncted manner in South Kordofan State. The inventory covered eight forest sites but only two of them were reserved forests. The management plans of these forests excluded bamboo despite its clear importance as a commonly used market item. Variations between the eight sites in stocking may be attributed to proximity of some of the studied sites to highly populated areas which exerted heavy pressure and over exploitation of bamboo resource. This was shown clearly by the fact that the remotely located forest sites like Kokaya (1100), Abu Faida (850) and Alfaras (615) were better stocked compared to the sites located near towns and highly populated villages like Omjamena and Eltogola forest sites with (110) and (310) clumps/ha respectively. The prominent bamboo species in the areas is Oxytenanthera abyssinica according to Andrews (1950), but however, the present work have identified a new bamboo species growing naturally in some forest sites viz. Sinarundinaria alpina. Bamboo in some sites form almost pure stands, but generally found mixed with different forest tree associates. The most frequent associates of bamboo in all its ocurrencies in these sites are Combretum species and Diospyrus messpiliformis. Tree species like Anogeissus leiocarpus, Commiphora abyssinica Sclerocarya birrea and Dichrostachys cinerea were found growing with bamboos in some of the inventoried sites but not as frequent as the combretum and diospyrus species mentioned above. These results are in agreement with the reports outlined by Mooney (1963), Williamson (1974), Jiping (1987) and Diab (2002) on tree species associated with bamboo in some tropical areas of Africa. Results of this works indicate that the average stocking of the bamboo is 543 clumps/ha. This stocking seems to be quite reasonable compared to other naturally growing bamboo stands else where (297-325) clumps/ha. If these forest sites were carefully managed and protected for sustainable culm production they will certainly contribute to the welfare of rural people as an income generating activity and employment. In addition, research and development is timely needed to quantify and assess the bamboo resource, develop silvicultural and appropriate harvesting techniques and marketing opportunities. This work is recommended to be replicated at the national level especially at the Blue Nile and South Dar fur states where bamboos grow naturally at different sites but were not inventoried yet. VIII World Bamboo Congress Proceedings Vol 4-101
References Andrews, J. 1950. The flora of the Anglo Egyptian Sudan. HMSO, London. Pp548. El Houri, A. ; K. Badi; Elshik E. A.2001. Species for Agroforestry. Agroforestry education out look in the Sudan. U. K. and ANAFE African Net Work for Agroforestry Education May 2001 Elamin,H.M.1990. Trees and shrubs of the Sudan. Ithaca Press 8 Richmond Road Exeter EX44JA Diab, E. E. E. 2002. Silviculture and management of Oxytenenthera abyssinica in the Sudan. Ph D thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Shmabat. Duncan, B. D. 1951. A significance test for differences between ranked treatments in an analysis of variance. Va. J. Sci. 2: 171-189. Duncan, B. D. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Bio. 11: 1-42. FNC. 2008. South Kordofan Forestry Section Annual Report. 2008. FNC, Khartoum, Sudan. pp 24-36. Hashim, Z. A. 1997. Studies on the vegetative propagation of selected bamboo species. J.Sud. For. Soci. 2 (1) 22-28. Jiping, L. 1987. An outline of bamboo resources and research in the world. In:”Bamboo production and utilization”. Farm forestry training course, May 16 _ 30, 1987 pp 82-95. Nanjing For. Uni. Nanjing, China. Khan, M. A.W. 1966. Vegetative propagation by culm cuttings in Bambusa vulgaris and Oxytenanthera abyssinica . Pamphlet No. 37. Forestry Research Center, Soba, Khartoum, Sudan. Kigomo, B. N. 1988. Distribution, cultivation and research status of bamboo in eastern Africa. Kefri-Ecological series; monograph No.1. Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Nairobi. Mooney, H.F. 1963. A glossary of Ethiopian plant names. Dublin Univer. Press Ltd. SAS Institute Inc. 1996. SAS System software version 6.12. 1996 Edition. Cary, NC Williamson, J. 1974. Useful plants of Malawi .Pub. Unier; Malawi. VIII World Bamboo Congress Proceedings Vol 4-102
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VOLUME 4 Resources - Forestry, Plan
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Planning, Designing and Implementin
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As indicated earlier, the major ind
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Soil : Most bamboos are found in sa
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Financial aspects: Unit cost- The u
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Repayment period The bank loan was
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promoting new bamboo projects throu
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Planning Commission, 2003. Report o
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hectares; bamboo (both natural and
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internode length, height, girth, st
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Seeds Availability of seed is limit
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Oxytenanthera stocksii Pleoblastus
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References Anon. 1997. Compendium o
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inventory of harvestable volume and
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Some climbing bamboos are presently
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Research breakthroughs The pioneer
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A = 20 mm C = 10 mm Scale: 1-10 mm
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Abstract Integrated Management of B
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In the other hand, guadua bamboo fo
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For bamboo species, models for pred
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showed higher coefficient of determ
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30 cm above ground level and closel
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. Cumls per clump 40 35 30 25 20 15
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Figure 11. Capability of land for g
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productivity (Camargo et al. 2007).
Page 51 and 52: esidues (Deuchars et al. 1999). Soi
Page 53 and 54: Conclusions and recommendations For
Page 55 and 56: References Arbeláez, A.C. 1996. Re
Page 57 and 58: Orrego, S.A. ,Del Valle, J.I. 2001.
Page 59 and 60: shoot earlier in the winter. Hence,
Page 61 and 62: Results and Discussion Effects of B
Page 63 and 64: and Ald, Alp, Alo and AlT. However,
Page 65 and 66: Panting time Table 1. Soil properti
Page 67 and 68: Exchangeabl e Al ( mg kg -1 ) 300 2
Page 69 and 70: Al cont ent ( mg/ kg) 3000 2500 200
Page 71 and 72: aboveground and belowground competi
Page 73 and 74: Shoot harvests represent a smaller
Page 75 and 76: Culm thinning practice The intensit
Page 77 and 78: the withholding of fertiliser reduc
Page 79 and 80: References Castaneda-Mendoza A.; Va
Page 81 and 82: Tree yield (t ha -1 ) 200 (a) 150 1
Page 83 and 84: Bamboo has called the poorperson’
Page 85 and 86: Department and Forest Survey of Ind
Page 87 and 88: Table 4. Total target under NBM in
Page 89 and 90: 1) Statistical information Fundamen
Page 91 and 92: Abstract Evaluation of Above Ground
Page 93 and 94: Table 1: Linear relationship betwee
Page 95 and 96: References Agarwal, A.; Khokhar, D.
Page 97 and 98: Fig 2. Bamboo Plantation at hill to
Page 99 and 100: in northern Sudan stretches from ea
Page 101: Culm Height Omjamena forest site re
Page 105 and 106: Figure 2. The Studied Bamboo Forest
Page 107 and 108: Figure 1: A not maintained bamboo f
Page 109 and 110: amboo forests are not maintained. I
Page 111 and 112: NPO Kitakyushu Biotope Network Grou
Page 113 and 114: In the area around the Kitakyushu S
Page 115 and 116: Number of participants The bamboo f
Page 117 and 118: Abstract Performance of Exotic Bamb
Page 119 and 120: The trial sites of Kakamega and Mug
Page 121 and 122: determining culm weight is by physi
Page 123 and 124: Table 5: Performance of Cephalostac
Page 125 and 126: For instance, Table 12 shows that,
Page 127 and 128: Species to Site Matching Table 16:
Page 129 and 130: Table 18: General Ranking of Specie
Page 131 and 132: Table 20: General Ranking of Specie
Page 133 and 134: Table 22: Relative Yield Performanc
Page 135 and 136: Table 24: Species per Site - Benchm
Page 137 and 138: altitude but has excellent growing
Page 139 and 140: NEMA, (2004). State of the Environm
Page 141 and 142: Research Site and Method Research i
Page 143 and 144: Discussion As of the research in 19
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Change of density and occu
Page 147 and 148: Figure 1. Distribution of diameter
Page 149: 2 Figure 3. Distribution of diamete
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