Crossroads: The Psychology of Immigration in the New Century

Contents
Preface .............................................................v
Acknowledgments ........................................... vii
Executive Summary ........................................... 1
Introduction ..................................................... 9
Purpose ..........................................................................9
Context ..........................................................................9
Guiding Frameworks ....................................................10
Contents and Organization ...........................................13
The Why and Who of Immigration .................... 15
What Propels Immigration? ..........................................15
Demographic Contours of the U.S.
Immigrant-Origin Population .......................................17
The Social Context of Reception and
Immigration Adaptation .................................. 21
Ideologies of Assimilation Versus Multiculturalism .........21
Research on Assimilationist and
Multicultural Ideologies ................................................22
The Immigration Debate, Xenophobia, and
Discrimination ..............................................................23
Neighborhood and Community Contexts .....................24
In Conclusion ...............................................................25
Adaptation: Acculturation, Cultural Identity,
and Civic Engagement ..................................... 26
Acculturation ................................................................26
Acculturation and Mental Health ..................................28
Intergenerational Differences in Acculturation ...............29
Social Trust and Civic Engagement ...............................30
In Conclusion ...............................................................31
Populations Facing Unique Challenges ............... 32
Women and Girls ..........................................................32
Undocumented Immigrants and Their Children ............33
Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Populations ......................38
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Immigrants .......38
Immigrants With Disabilities .........................................40
In Conclusion ...............................................................41
Life Span Considerations .................................. 42
Children and Adolescents ..............................................42
Young Adults ................................................................43
Adults ...........................................................................44
Older Adults .................................................................45
In Conclusion ...............................................................46
Assessment With Immigrant-Origin Adults
and Children ................................................... 47
Challenges in Assessing Culturally and
Linguistically Diverse Populations .................................47
Assessment in Educational Settings ................................48
Assessment in Clinical Settings ......................................50
Assessment in Forensic and Legal Settings .....................51
In Conclusion ...............................................................52
Immigrant Populations in
Educational Contexts ....................................... 53
A Resilience Perspective ...............................................53
Context Matters ...........................................................54
Language-Related Educational Challenges and Models
of Language Instruction ................................................55
School Belonging .........................................................57
Parental Involvement ....................................................57
In Conclusion ...............................................................58
Immigrant Populations in Clinical Contexts ....... 61
A Resilience Perspective ...............................................61
Context Matters ...........................................................62
Presenting Problems ......................................................63
Barriers to Treatment ....................................................66
Treatment Considerations .............................................67
Intervention ..................................................................68
In Conclusion ...............................................................72
Considerations for the Field.............................. 74
Methodological Challenges ...........................................74
A Metadisciplinary Reflection ......................................77
Summary of Recommendations........................ 78
Research .......................................................................78
Services and Supports ...................................................78
Education and Training .................................................79
Collaboration and Advocacy .........................................79
Glossary ......................................................... 81
References ...................................................... 86
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