Development of Agribusiness Enterprises - Asian Productivity ...

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10. SRI LANKA INTRODUCTION - 154 - A. M. Y. Jasmin de Silva Director Technical Services Division Industrial Development Board Katubedde The island of Sri Lanka is located just south of the Indian subcontinent, and covers a land area of 62,700 km 2 . With an estimated population of 19.5 million (1999 figure), the land/person ratio is quite low with a per capita cropping area of 0.1 ha. The economy of the country is a relatively open one. Sri Lanka is an agricultural country. The agriculture sector comprises two distinct subsectors: (a) A highly organized plantation sector, producing tea, rubber, coconuts and other minor crops such as cinnamon, cloves, cashew nuts, pepper, fruit and vegetables. Sri Lanka is usually placed in the category of low-income countries in terms of per capita income, which amounted to US$804 in 1997; and (b) A manufacturing sector that mainly consists of factories that process plantation crops (tea, rubber, and other small-scale industries). CURRENT SITUATION OF AGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT Contribution of Agribusiness to GDP, and Export Earnings Agriculture makes a significant direct contribution to the GDP of Sri Lanka through links with processing industries, and trade and services activities. Agriculture contributes about 23 percent to GDP (Table 1) and 24 percent to exports. The agriculture sector performed well in the shifting of cultivation to crops with a higher comparative advantage, in parallel with trade liberalization. By introducing better plantation management under privatization, improved cultivation practices and more efficient distribution systems, the agriculture sector has continued to move away from subsistence production to high value-added products, based on improved technology and rational cultivation practices. This process will lead to the commercialization of agriculture and the development of agro-processing and agro-business activities. In 1999, value-added in real terms increased as follows: agriculture, 4.5 percent; mining and quarrying, 4.1 percent; manufacturing, 4.4 percent; construction, 4.8 percent; and services, 4 percent.
Table 1. Contribution of Difference Sectors to GDP, 1999 Sector Percentage Food, beverage and tobacco 23 Textile, wearing apparel and leather products 42 Wood and wood products 1 Chemical, petroleum, rubber and plastic 16 Non-metallic mineral products 7 Fabricated metal products, machinery and transport equipment 4 Basic metal products 7 Source: Ministry of Industrial Development, Master Plan. Sectoral Performance The agriculture sector grew by 4.5 percent in 1999, the highest growth rate achieved since 1993, mainly due to increased production of paddy, coconuts, vegetables and other commodities. In 1999, output by the “other agriculture” subsector (which consists largely of vegetables, subsidiary food crops, exports of vegetables and subsidiary food crops, minor export crops and animal husbandry) increased by 3.4 percent, accounting for almost one-third of the growth in the agriculture sector (Table 2). Vegetable production grew by 6.4 percent. Processing industries for tea, rubber and coconut kernel products grew by 3.8 percent (Table 3). The impetus to the growth in the processing industry comes from a 43-percent increase in output of desiccated coconut over previous years. The small industry subsector grew by 4.8 percent. Table 2. Composition of the “Other Agriculture” Subsector Value-added (1996 constant prices, SL Rs. million) Subsector 1997 a - 155 - 1998 a 1999 a Vegetables 31,676 33,126 35,234 Subsidiary food crops b 18,501 15,577 15,871 Minor export crops c 7,874 7,875 7,666 Sugar cane 1,203 1,202 1,281 Tobacco 1,553 1,569 1,484 Animal husbandry d 6,293 6,560 6,597 Other 8,263 8,837 9,192 Notes: a Provisional figures. b Subsidiary food crops mainly include potatoes, chilies, red onions, big onions, green gram, cowpea and kurakkan. c Minor export crops mainly include coffee, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, cashew nuts and betel leaves. d Animal husbandry comprises milk, eggs, poultry and other meats.
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From: Development of Agribusiness E
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Report of the APO Seminar on Develo
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FOREWORD Modern agricultural techno
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS INTRODUCTION Th
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Policies and Programs for Promoting
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Governments should not be undertaki
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crops (i.e., non-traditional crops/
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Financing/Credit Inadequacy of fina
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the State Industrial Bank of Indone
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1. AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
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US$ million 8,000 Percent 100 7,000
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Introduction of high-yielding varie
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2. Agriculture and Agro-industry Th
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60 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 50 40 30 20
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(27,213) (119,378) Japan U.S.A. (57
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supply balance, conserve resources,
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2. POLICIES AND PROGRAMS FOR PROMOT
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Table 1. World Markets for Agricult
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Japan requires that imported agricu
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High Transportation Costs Shipping
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competitive markets, improving and
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terminals in some cities, which wil
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3. REQUISITES FOR INITIATING AGRIBU
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Diversification of production will
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Those manufacturers who use substan
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STRATEGY FOR AGRIBUSINESS VENTURES
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4. MARKETING PROMOTION OF AGRIBUSIN
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of inefficiency. Coordinating the f
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such an undertaken can be a very us
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Improving Productivity/Management o
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Tools for a Purpose Simplistically
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4. Know Who You Are and Who You are
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5. Falling in Love with Technology
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ensure a pool of leaders for future
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1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 69 - A
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sector before any imports are allow
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C An inadequacy of appropriate tech
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now constitute 88 percent of frozen
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Second, the contribution of agricul
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During 1995-99, some commodities in
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Indonesia imported only a few commo
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Product Quality This issue has beco
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agribusiness sector attempts to rec
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3. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
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Food Processing Plants Food process
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denied. That creates economic imbal
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construction (11.6 percent), and th
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2. Operational Conditions This sect
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- 97 - Table 5. Present Situation o
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(b) When recommended by manufacture
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2. Supporting Production Automation
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Page 123 and 124: 7. NEPAL INTRODUCTION - 123 - Arjun
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Page 145 and 146: Continuation Item 1995 1996 1997 19
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Page 179 and 180: percent of the raw materials are su
Page 181 and 182: Strategic Solutions for Achieving S
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Page 185 and 186: Vietnam Ms. Nguyen Thi Thuy Senior
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