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Route Summarization - The larger the network, more routes to advertise, larger routing update packets, more bandwidth the updates take, and hence reducing the bandwidth available for data transmission. Besides that, large IP networks also produce large routing tables, which consume more router memory, and take more time and CPU cycles to perform routing table lookup when routing a packet. - Route summarization reduces the size of routing updates and tables while still maintain routing information to all destination networks. It is also known as route aggregation or supernetting. - Route summarization also able to reduce convergences. Upstream routers that received the summary route do not have to reconverge whenever there is a status change in the component subnets, which can effectively insulate upstream routers from problems such as route flapping. Route flapping is when a network goes up and down on a router, causing it to constantly advertise the status about the network. - A requirement for route summarization is a classless routing protocol (eg: RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP) must be running, as they support variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs) and carry subnet mask information along with the routing updates. - A summary route substitutes multiple original component routes. Once configured, the routing protocol advertises only the single summary route instead of multiple specific component routes. - Route summarization works great in contiguous networks that were designed and planned for it. 10.2.1.0 10.2.2.0 10.2.3.0 10.2.4.0 Figure 15-3: A Network Designed and Planned for Route Summarization - Below shows the routing table on RT2 before route summarization, with EIGRP as the routing protocol. It shows 4 routes to 10.2.x.x subnets out its Serial0/0 interface to RT1, and 4 routes to 10.3.x.x subnets out its Serial0/1 interface to RT3: RT2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set RT1 10.1.2.0/30 RT2 10.1.3.0/30 RT3 S0/0 S0/0 S0/0 10.1.1.0/24 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masks C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 10.1.2.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 10.1.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 D 10.2.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 D 10.2.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 D 10.2.3.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 D 10.2.4.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 D 10.3.4.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.3.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/1 D 10.3.5.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.3.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/1 D 10.3.6.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.3.2, 00:00:19, Serial0/1 D 10.3.7.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.3.2, 00:00:19, Serial0/1 RT2# 113 S0/1 10.3.4.0 10.3.5.0 10.3.6.0 10.3.7.0 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
- RT1 and RT3 are summarizing routers, which advertise summary routes to other routers. - Route summarization configuration differs with different routing protocols. The ip summaryaddress eigrp {as-num} {address} {mask} interface subcommand is used to create a summary route that is to be advertised out an interface for an EIGRP autonomous system. Note: EIGRP route summarization takes effect immediately upon the issuance of the manual summarization command and would tear down EIGRP neighbor relationship. - Route Summarization configuration on RT1 and RT3: RT1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RT1(config)#int s0/0 RT1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 100 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0 RT1(config-if)# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RT3#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RT3(config)#int s0/0 RT3(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 100 10.3.0.0 255.255.0.0 RT3(config-if) - Below shows the routing tables on RT1 and RT3 after route summarization: RT1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2.2, 00:04:36, Serial0/0 C 10.1.2.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 D 10.1.3.0/30 [90/2681856] via 10.1.2.2, 00:04:36, Serial0/0 D 10.2.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:04:41, Null0 C 10.2.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.2.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/2 C 10.2.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/3 D 10.3.0.0/16 [90/2707456] via 10.1.2.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0 RT1# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RT3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 10.1.3.1, 00:05:32, Serial0/0 D 10.1.2.0/30 [90/2681856] via 10.1.3.1, 00:05:34, Serial0/0 C 10.1.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 D 10.2.0.0/16 [90/2707456] via 10.1.3.1, 00:05:32, Serial0/0 D 10.3.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:05:37, Null0 C 10.3.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 10.3.5.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.3.6.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/2 C 10.3.7.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/3 RT3# 114 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Yap
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Cop
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Upper Layers Lower Layers Applicati
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Cisco Hierarchical Model - Defined
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Header Length (4) Source Port (16)
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Figure 3-7: Single-Mode and Multimo
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Wireless AP Switch Figure 3-8: 802.
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Cisco Wireless LAN Configuration -
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DDR Dialer Profiles Configuration -
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- Below show the routing tables on
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cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman
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Catalyst Switch IOS Upgrade Procedu
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Cisco Router Password Recovery Proc
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Decimal Hex Binary Decimal Hex Bina
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MISC Data Link Layer Notes - Ethern
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The TCP Connection States timeout s
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TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)
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The Problem of Router-on-a-Stick Co
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The permanent keyword in the Static
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RIPv1 and VLSM RT1 RT4 Figure A6-9:
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- Note: A router does not require a
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The Access Control List established
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Switch Port Access Control Lists -
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Router(config)#ip access-list exten
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star topologies, 25 startup-config
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