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Partial-Mesh Frame Relay Network with One IP Subnet Per VC (Point-to-Point Subinterfaces Configuration) 172.16.1.0 DLCI 101 S0/0 RT1 Partial-Mesh Frame Relay Figure 24-3: Partial-Mesh Frame Relay Network with One IP Subnet Per VC - Figure 24-3 shows a Frame Relay network with point-to-point subinterfaces configuration. IP address is not configured on the physical interface in Frame Relay subinterfaces configuration. - Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces configuration on RT1: RT1(config)#int s0/0 RT1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RT1(config-if)#no shut RT1(config-if)# RT1(config-if)#int s0/0.102 point-to-point RT1(config-subif)#ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 RT1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102 RT1(config-fr-dlci)#exit RT1(config-subif)#int s0/0.103 point-to-point RT1(config-subif)#ip add 200.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 RT1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103 RT1(config-fr-dlci)#exit RT1(config-subif)#int s0/0.104 point-to-point RT1(config-subif)#ip add 200.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 RT1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 104 RT1(config-fr-dlci)#exit RT1(config-subif)# - Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces configuration on RT2, RT3, and RT4: RTx(config)#int s0/0 RTx(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RTx(config-if)#no shut RTx(config-if)#int s0/0.101 point-to-point RTx(config-subif)#ip add 200.1.{x-1}.2 255.255.255.0 RTx(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 RTx(config-fr-dlci)#exit RTx(config-subif)# - Inverse ARP is not required for point-to-point subinterfaces; hence it is disabled by default. 169 200.1.1.0/24 200.1.2.0/24 200.1.3.0/24 S0/0 S0/0 S0/0 RT2 RT3 RT4 DLCI 102 DLCI 103 DLCI 104 172.16.2.0 172.16.3.0 172.16.4.0 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
- The interface serialx.y point-to-point global configuration command creates a logical subinterface numbered y under physical interface serialx, and the frame-relay interface-dlci {dlci} subinterface subcommand statically associates and maps a local DLCI with an IP address on a subinterface. This ensures a router associate the correct PVC with the corresponding subinterface when it receives LMI messages regarding a PVC (up / down). - The subinterface and DLCI number do not have to be matched on both end routers of a PVC. However, it is a best practice to assign a subinterface number that matches the DLCI value assigned to the subinterface for easier administration and troubleshooting. - Below shows the output of the show frame-relay map EXEC command on RT1: RT1#sh frame-relay map Serial0/0.102 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), broadcast status defined, active Serial0/0.103 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), broadcast status defined, active Serial0/0.104 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), broadcast status defined, active RT1# - The output is different from the output of the same command in previous example of full-mesh network without subinterfaces – there is no corresponding Layer 3 address for each entry. This is because these subinterfaces are point-to-point subinterfaces. Whenever a packet is being sent out from a particular subinterface, the router would know the DLCI to use to encapsulate the packet (similar to using an outgoing interface in static routing – a router sends data without knowing the IP address of the router at the other end). Mapping with Inverse ARP or static mapping configuration is only needed when more than one VC associated with a particular interface or subinterface, as this is the time when a router would confuse about which DLCI to use. - LMI messages are exchanged between a DTE (router) and DCE (Frame Relay switch) which allows the DTE to detect whether it has connectivity to its local Frame Relay switch. The debug frame-relay lmi privileged command displays the information about the exchange of LMI messages. LMI keepalive messages (Status Enquiry messages) are originated from the DTE, as indicated with the out keyword; and the DCE would response with Status Reply messages, as indicated with the in keyword. LMI status messages are originated from the DCE to inform the DTE regarding the status of virtual circuits. The no keepalive interface subcommand disables the use of LMI messages, which include LMI keepalive and status messages. RT1#debug frame-relay lmi Frame Relay LMI debugging is on Displaying all Frame Relay LMI data RT1# 00:14:30: Serial0/0(out): StEnq, myseq 44, yourseen 43, DTE up 00:14:30: datagramstart = 0xE015DC, datagramsize = 13 00:14:30: FR encap = 0xFCF10309 00:14:30: 00 75 01 01 01 03 02 2C 2B 00:14:30: 00:14:30: Serial0/0(in): Status, myseq 44, pak size 13 00:14:30: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 00:14:30: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 44, myseq 44 RT1# _ 170 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Yap
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Cop
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Upper Layers Lower Layers Applicati
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Cisco Hierarchical Model - Defined
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Header Length (4) Source Port (16)
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- Socket is a communication channel
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- The length of an IP address is 32
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- The following section discusses s
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- Below lists the 2 sublayers in th
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- Each switch port does not share t
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- Below lists the switch internal p
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Physical Layer - The physical layer
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- Another way to reduce emissions i
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Figure 3-7: Single-Mode and Multimo
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Wireless AP Switch Figure 3-8: 802.
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- Below lists the common IOS CLI er
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RT1#show running-config interface F
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- Cisco IOS treats a mistyped comma
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- Below describes the STP convergen
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- Refer back to Figure 5-1B, assume
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- A switch running RSTP only need 6
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Port Security Configuration - Port
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SW2# 00:25:00: STP: VLAN0001 new ro
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- Both protocols utilize a 12-bit V
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Layer 4 Switching (Content Switchin
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- VTP Pruning provides a way to pre
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VLAN Trunking Protocol Configuratio
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- VLAN information will not be prop
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- Private IP addresses are non-rout
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- Some materials calculate the numb
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) c250
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- CDP is enabled by default. The no
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Troubleshooting IP - Internet Contr
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- Firstly, PC1 purposely sends out
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- Below describes the operation of
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Maximum Hop Count Hop count metric
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- Invalid Timer specifies how long
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- Initial configuration on RT2: Rou
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- Static Routing configuration on R
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- RIPv1 and IGRP are classful routi
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- IGRP configuration on RT2: RT2(co
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MISC IP Routing Commands - The pass
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- OSPF uses a reliable protocol to
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- OSPF areas break up a network so
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- EIGRP uses the same formula as us
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- Autosummarization EIGRP supports
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- OSPF Single-Area configuration on
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- The show ip ospf database EXEC co
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OSPF Multiarea Configuration Area 1
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- Below lists the different termino
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- Verify the EIGRP configuration on
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- When a link to a neighbor fails,
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- Below shows the beauty of VLSM. B
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- RT1 and RT3 are summarizing route
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Page 121 and 122: - RIPv1 and IGRP perform autosummar
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Page 127 and 128: - Figure 17-1 shows the usage of CI
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Page 135 and 136: - Below shows the IP NAT debugging
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Page 155 and 156: - Comparisons between synchronous a
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Page 209 and 210: - The configuration above defines 2
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- The 3 possible Frame Relay PVC st
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Constructing a Compound Frame Relay
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8. Once the frame is completed, it
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Decimal Hex Binary Decimal Hex Bina
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MISC Basic Networking Notes - The m
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MISC Data Link Layer Notes - Ethern
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- The 5-4-3 repeater deployment rul
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Ethernet Autonegotiation and Duplex
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The TCP Connection States timeout s
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- Q: How does a client application
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- Urgent Data Pointer (16 bits) ind
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TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)
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- Local Proxy ARP is used when ther
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Spanning Tree Protocol Port ID - Wh
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The Problem of Router-on-a-Stick Co
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- Sample Subnet Zero configuration:
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The permanent keyword in the Static
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RIPv1 and VLSM RT1 RT4 Figure A6-9:
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- Below shows the NAT operations on
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Bidirectional (2-Way) NAT PC1 172.1
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- Note: A router does not require a
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The Access Control List established
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Switch Port Access Control Lists -
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- Below shows a sample Dynamic Acce
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Router(config)#ip access-list exten
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Optional PPP Commands - The compres
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- Below shows the output of the PPP
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- Below shows the output of the PPP
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- Below configure the username and
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IEEE 802.11 Standards and Specifica
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- Figure A6-20 shows the frame form
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- Below lists the IEEE 802.11 manag
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IEEE 802.11 Types and Subtypes Type
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Client (Supplicant) EAPOL-Start EAP
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- IPsec-based VPN is comprised of 2
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- IPsec supports the following 3 ty
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Version Header Length Time To Live
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- The authentication pre-share ISAK
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Troubleshooting ISDN E1/T1 Physical
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- Below addresses ISDN E1/T1 contro
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Troubleshooting ISDN Layer 2 - Unde
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Troubleshooting ISDN Layer 3 - Only
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ISDN Loopback Test Call - In a loop
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C2 Channel type not implemented. Th
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locking state, STP, 39 BNC, 27 bool
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show vlan, 57 show vtp status, 58 s
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framing, 22 MAC addresses, 22 stand
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K keepalives EIGRP, 95 Frame Relay,
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PAT (Port Address Translation), 127
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star topologies, 25 startup-config
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