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Chapter 28 Route Redistribution - Route redistribution is being used to redistribute (or transfer) routes between routing domains. It is beyond the scope of <strong>CCNA</strong>. However the practical knowledge is very important for becoming a better and more capable internetworking professional or network engineer. - The main issue to address in route redistribution is metric. - Each routing protocol has its own method of determining the best path to a destination network. RIP uses hop counts, IGRP and EIGRP use a composite metric (bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load), OSPF uses bandwidth, etc. Due to the differences in metric calculations, when redistributing routes from one routing protocol into another, all metrics will be lost. Network engineers will have to manually specify the cost metric for each routing domain. - Another issue to address with route redistribution is that some routing protocols are classful, while some are classless, which makes redistributing VLSM and CIDR routes from a classless routing protocol into a classful routing protocol a challenging task. - Route redistribution can get very complex and can introduce many other problems. Sometimes the solutions to a problem are even more complex than the problems itself. RT1 192.168.2.0/24 RIP IGRP AS 1 192.168.1.0/24 RT2 E1/0 E1/0 E1/1 E1/0 Frame Relay 200.1.1.0/29 Figure 28-1: Sample Route Redistribution Network 203 RT5 192.168.3.0/24 RT4 RT3 192.168.4.0/24 192.169.1.0/24 S0/0 S0/0 192.169.2.0/24 E1/1 E1/1 S0/0 E1/0 192.168.5.0/24 EIGRP AS 2 E1/1 E1/0 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
- Below show the routing tables on all routers before route redistribution: RT1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 -------------------------------------------------- RT2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:10, Ethernet1/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 D 192.168.5.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.3, 00:00:35, Serial0/0 C 192.169.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 D 192.169.2.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.2, 00:00:35, Serial0/0 C 200.1.1.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0 -------------------------------------------------- RT3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 -------------------------------------------------- RT4#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set I 192.168.3.0/24 [100/1200] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:25, Ethernet1/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 D 192.168.5.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.3, 00:07:30, Serial0/0 D 192.169.1.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.1, 00:07:30, Serial0/0 C 192.169.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 200.1.1.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0 -------------------------------------------------- RT5#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 D 192.169.1.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.1, 00:08:15, Serial0/0 D 192.169.2.0/24 [90/1787392] via 200.1.1.2, 00:08:15, Serial0/0 C 200.1.1.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0 204 Copyright © 2008 Yap Chin Hoong yapchinhoong@hotmail.com
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Yap
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CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition Cop
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Upper Layers Lower Layers Applicati
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Cisco Hierarchical Model - Defined
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Header Length (4) Source Port (16)
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- Socket is a communication channel
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- The length of an IP address is 32
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- The following section discusses s
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- Below lists the 2 sublayers in th
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- Each switch port does not share t
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- Below lists the switch internal p
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Physical Layer - The physical layer
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- Another way to reduce emissions i
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Figure 3-7: Single-Mode and Multimo
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Wireless AP Switch Figure 3-8: 802.
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- Below lists the common IOS CLI er
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RT1#show running-config interface F
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- Cisco IOS treats a mistyped comma
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- Below describes the STP convergen
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- Refer back to Figure 5-1B, assume
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- A switch running RSTP only need 6
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Port Security Configuration - Port
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SW2# 00:25:00: STP: VLAN0001 new ro
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- Both protocols utilize a 12-bit V
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Layer 4 Switching (Content Switchin
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- VTP Pruning provides a way to pre
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VLAN Trunking Protocol Configuratio
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- VLAN information will not be prop
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- Private IP addresses are non-rout
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- Some materials calculate the numb
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) c250
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- CDP is enabled by default. The no
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Troubleshooting IP - Internet Contr
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- Firstly, PC1 purposely sends out
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- Below describes the operation of
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Maximum Hop Count Hop count metric
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- Invalid Timer specifies how long
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- Initial configuration on RT2: Rou
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- Static Routing configuration on R
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- RIPv1 and IGRP are classful routi
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- IGRP configuration on RT2: RT2(co
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MISC IP Routing Commands - The pass
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- OSPF uses a reliable protocol to
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- OSPF areas break up a network so
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- EIGRP uses the same formula as us
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- Autosummarization EIGRP supports
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- OSPF Single-Area configuration on
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- The show ip ospf database EXEC co
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OSPF Multiarea Configuration Area 1
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- Below lists the different termino
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- Verify the EIGRP configuration on
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- When a link to a neighbor fails,
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- Below shows the beauty of VLSM. B
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- RT1 and RT3 are summarizing route
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- RIPv1 and IGRP perform autosummar
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RT1#sh ip route Gateway of last res
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MTU and Fragmentation - Maximum Tra
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- Figure 17-1 shows the usage of CI
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- Static NAT performs one-to-one ma
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172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.3 17
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- Below shows the IP NAT debugging
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- The access list indicates whether
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- Access Control List (ACL) is the
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- Below lists some other usages of
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- Standard IP Access Lists configur
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RT2#sh access-lists example01 Exten
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WAN Network RT1 CSU/DSU CSU/DSU RT2
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Remote Access Technologies - Remote
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Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) - DS
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Point-to-Point Serial Links (Leased
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Page 163 and 164: - Comparisons between Frame Relay L
Page 165 and 166: RT1 RT2 RT3 Figure 23-7A: RT1 with
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Page 169 and 170: - IETF Frame Relay encapsulation ty
Page 171 and 172: RT1 Frame Relay RT2 DLCI 101 Frame
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Page 185 and 186: Wireless Security - Organizations t
Page 187 and 188: Wireless Management - WLANs require
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Page 191 and 192: - ISDN offers very fast call setup
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Page 223 and 224: - The 3 possible Frame Relay PVC st
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Page 235 and 236: Decimal Hex Binary Decimal Hex Bina
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Page 247 and 248: The TCP Connection States timeout s
Page 249 and 250: - Q: How does a client application
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Page 253 and 254: TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)
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Spanning Tree Protocol Port ID - Wh
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The Problem of Router-on-a-Stick Co
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- Sample Subnet Zero configuration:
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The permanent keyword in the Static
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RIPv1 and VLSM RT1 RT4 Figure A6-9:
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- Below shows the NAT operations on
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Bidirectional (2-Way) NAT PC1 172.1
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- Note: A router does not require a
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The Access Control List established
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Switch Port Access Control Lists -
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- Below shows a sample Dynamic Acce
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Router(config)#ip access-list exten
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Optional PPP Commands - The compres
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- Below shows the output of the PPP
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- Below shows the output of the PPP
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- Below configure the username and
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IEEE 802.11 Standards and Specifica
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- Figure A6-20 shows the frame form
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- Below lists the IEEE 802.11 manag
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IEEE 802.11 Types and Subtypes Type
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Client (Supplicant) EAPOL-Start EAP
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- IPsec-based VPN is comprised of 2
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- IPsec supports the following 3 ty
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Version Header Length Time To Live
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- The authentication pre-share ISAK
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Troubleshooting ISDN E1/T1 Physical
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- Below addresses ISDN E1/T1 contro
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Troubleshooting ISDN Layer 2 - Unde
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Troubleshooting ISDN Layer 3 - Only
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ISDN Loopback Test Call - In a loop
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96 Number changed. The called numbe
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C2 Channel type not implemented. Th
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locking state, STP, 39 BNC, 27 bool
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show vlan, 57 show vtp status, 58 s
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framing, 22 MAC addresses, 22 stand
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K keepalives EIGRP, 95 Frame Relay,
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PAT (Port Address Translation), 127
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star topologies, 25 startup-config
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