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158different warders, p. 165 fellow prisoner, p. 176 smith, p. 234 ff. old man (Caleb Coke), p. 296 Irish woman The Australian Lawless family, who are ‗or pure British race and descent, but who had never seen Britain‘ generally speak standard English with just the occasional marker for non-standardness in the grammar, e.g. Kate Lawless says ―Billy told me she‘d been pitching a lot to you: how bad we was, and all the rest of it.‖ [p. 65] and she gets really quite non-standard at the end [p. 295]. Kate‘s cousin Tessie is less lawless than the rest of them, and speaks in a slightly higher register, with no occasional grammatical slips. p. 86 Dutch / German / Danish character Carl Stockenstrom speaks with a marked Germanic accent p. 154 explicit reference to Tom Cringle‟s Log (another text described in this catalogue) p. 166 lengthy violent speech by fellow prisoner, followed by falling into a fit. Warder arrives and says: ―Dash it all, you fellows are like a lot of old women – jabber, jabber.‖ [p. 166] p. 296 Then she [Kate] raised her voice, in the high-pitch Australian call – originally borrowed from the blacks, but since heard (unless modern novelists lie) in the streets of London […] Bullough Collection No. 44 The Romany Rye by George Borrow 1. Publication details Author: Borrow, George Author dates: 1803-1881 Title: The Romany Rye: a sequel to "Lavengro" Publication: London: Ward, Lock and Co. Limited [not first edition] First published: 1857 Library reference: 200350659 2. Genre / subgenre Fiction / autobiography / general discursive ramble 3. Brief Synopsis First person narration. Partly autobiographical, partly fiction. There is a thread to the narrative but also quite a lot of digression as the author travels the country as a tinker encountering different people. 4. Overview of varieties / dialects Borrow had a strong interest in philology and there is, for example, some very extensive discussion of the Armenian verb system as Belle and he try to learn Armenian together and use it to discuss their relationship, and later he discusses Chinese with an old man. He also talks to a Hungarian at length. Borrow uses a lot of Romany words in the direct speech of the Romany characters. However, he does not appear to be particularly interested in dialect representation, and only uses (very generic) dialects in passing. There are characters who could be shown to speak dialect – e.g. an ostler from Lincolnshire – but they are all shown to speak standard English, with perhaps just one or two words that are slightly dialectal or non-standard. 5. Variety # 1: Romany English 5a. Sample of dialect ―Here we are, brother,‖ said Mr. Petulengro, as he drove the sharp end of the bar into the ground; ―here we are, and plenty of us – Bute dosta Romany chals.‖ [p. 28] http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, The University of Sheffield 24
―Here we are, brother,‖ said Mr. Petulengro, ―here we are, come to see you – wizard and witch, witch and wizard:- ―There‘s a chovanhee, and a chovano, The nav se len is Petulengro.‖ ―Hold your tongue, sir,‖ said Mrs Petulengro; ―you make me ashamed of you with your vulgar ditties. We are come a-visiting now, and everything low should be left behind.‖ [p. 32] See p. 41 Mrs Chikno‘s gypsy song, which is then translated into English. ―I don‘t see why a Romay chi should object to enter into the honourable estate of wedlock with a gorgio.‖ [p. 66] 5b.1 Orthography None noted. 5b.2 Grammar Perhaps slightly old-fashioned, e.g. We are come a-visiting now 5b.3 Vocabulary Lots of Romany words and phrases used by characters in direct speech, and occasionally whole sentences or songs. Sometimes glossed or translated, sometimes not. e.g. chi, gorgio, Bute dosta 5c. Dialect area represented Not an area – linked to social and ethnic identity 5d. Density of dialect representation Light 5e. Location of dialect Dialogue 5f. Characteristics of dialect speakers Male and female romanies. 5g. Consistency of representation Lots of evidence of code-switching. 5. Variety # 2: Scots 5a. Sample of dialect ―Dukkerin,‖ said he, ―what‘s dukkerin?‖ ―Dukkerin,‖ said I, ―is fortune, a man of woman‘s destiny; don‘t you like the word?‖ ―Word! d‘ye ca‘ that a word? a bonnie word,‖ said he. […] Why then, if that be the case, fellow, I will tell you; it is e‘en ―spaeing,‖ [p. 45] 5b.1 Orthography Elision d‟ye, ca‟, e‟en 5b.2 Grammar None noted 5b.3 Vocabulary bonnie 5c. Dialect area represented Scottish 5d. Density of dialect representation Lightly marked http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, The University of Sheffield 25
Page 1 and 2: Special collections and archives: T
Page 3 and 4: Ward, Mrs Humphry, The History of D
Page 5 and 6: 5b.1 Orthography Elision „avin Re
Page 7 and 8: male, low social class, unskilled;
Page 9 and 10: But the Lord ‗a mercy upon us, Mr
Page 11 and 12: 5b.2 Grammar Non standard plural ma
Page 13 and 14: Moderately marked 5e. Location of d
Page 15 and 16: First published: ? Library referenc
Page 17 and 18: 4. Overview of varieties / dialects
Page 19 and 20: Eliot brothers code-switch on sever
Page 21 and 22: a-prefixing: I can‟t abear as for
Page 23: Cross-examined by Mr. England: ―H
Page 27 and 28: p. 237: ―I know little of them [R
Page 29 and 30: 5g. Consistency of representation C
Page 31 and 32: 6. Narrative comments on dialects a
Page 33 and 34: nobleman born. James and Thomas, me
Page 35 and 36: 5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 37 and 38: 5b.3 Vocabulary Nothing noted 5c. D
Page 39 and 40: Respelling kerridge h-addition / de
Page 41 and 42: Bullough Collection No. 79 The Life
Page 43 and 44: Non standard plural seventeen year
Page 45 and 46: 5b.2 Grammar None noted 5b.3 Vocabu
Page 47 and 48: 5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 49 and 50: (Or at least this was the drift of
Page 51 and 52: Respelling mak 5b.2 Grammar None no
Page 53 and 54: ―He‘s a rum-un to look at,‖ s
Page 55 and 56: 5. Variety #2: Dr O‟Toole, Assist
Page 57 and 58: Very generic non-standard. Not even
Page 59 and 60: mean - crowds of ‗em would come i
Page 61 and 62: "Bless my heart, what vules we be!
Page 63 and 64: 5a. Sample of dialect ―I hope tha
Page 65 and 66: Bullough Collection No. 274 The Com
Page 67 and 68: "I bit thankit 'im, 'cause I tint m
Page 69 and 70: ‗cause why, they pipe-clays their
Page 71 and 72: Female (and also some male) Barbadi
Page 73 and 74: ―Where‘s Phil Mooney? Come alon
Page 75 and 76:
―So help me God, gemmen, you no g
Page 77 and 78:
5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 79 and 80:
Respelling hoow‟s; soond; mair; N
Page 81 and 82:
Female, domestic servant 5g. Consis
Page 83 and 84:
None noted Bullough Collection No.
Page 85 and 86:
5c. Dialect area represented Unspec
Page 87 and 88:
North Carolina, United States 5d. D
Page 89 and 90:
5b.1 Orthography Transposition v an
Page 91 and 92:
5a. Sample of dialect "‖Hollooo o
Page 93 and 94:
Surtees himself came from landed ge
Page 95 and 96:
5b.3 Vocabulary Lexis low words 5c.
Page 97 and 98:
5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 99 and 100:
Non standard concord was you Non st
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