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lug, wee, boxy, nae, yon 5c. Dialect area represented Scottish 5d. Density of dialect representation Medium 5e. Location of dialect Dialogue 5f. Characteristics of dialect speakers Male, middle-class, peripheral 5g. Consistency of representation Consistent, but only present briefly. 5. Variety #4: non-native variety spoken by Lady Rodney a ‗true Barbadian born‘ and other Barbadians 5a. Sample of dialect ―How do you do, sar? Very happy you come back again,‖ said she to O‘Brien. ―I‘m very well, I thank you, ma‘am,‖ replied O‘Brien, ―and I hope to go back the same; but never having put my foot into this bay before, you have the advantage of me.‖ ―Nebber here before, so help me Gad! me tink I know you – me tink I recollect your handsome face – I Lady Rodney, sar. Ah, piccaninny buccra! how do you do?‖ said she, turning round to me. ―Me hope to hab the honour to wash for you, sar,‖ courtesying to O‘Brien. ―What do you charge in this place?‖ ―All the same price, one bit a piece.‖ ―What do you call a bit?‖ inquired I. ―A bit, lilly massa? – what you call um bit? Dem four sharp shins to a pictareen.‖ [p. 325] See also songs sung by Barbadians pp. 328-9, and see the Methodist speech (sample given in section 7). 5b.1 Orthography Respelling sar, nebber, Gad, tink, hab, massa, dem Note: very little use of elision (perhaps because she is somewhat gentrified?) 5b.2 Grammar Some incomplete / non standard sentences [but note combined with a very polite register] Very happy you come back again (not ‗I‘m very pleased you came back again‘), I Lady Rodney Non standard pronouns me hope 5b.3 Vocabulary piccaninny buccra, pictareen 5c. Dialect area represented Non-native, Barbadian English 5d. Density of dialect representation Medium-heavily 5e. Location of dialect Direct speech only 5f. Characteristics of dialect speakers http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, <strong>The</strong> University of Sheffield 70
Female (and also some male) Barbadians, narrative notes that the Barbadians pride themselves on their superiority 5g. Consistency of representation Quite consistent, no evidence of code-switching 5. Variety #5: Methodist sermon given by „a tall negro‟ [p. 544] 6. Narrative comments on dialects and varieties On introduction Mrs Handycock is described as ‗a little meagre woman who did not speak very good English‘ (p. 5). Chapter 4 (p. 40 ff) Simple ‗puzzled with very common words‘ (common words but with specialised sailing meanings), including faggot, monkey‟s tail, double war, horses, stirrups, sister, sheepshank, whips, puddings. Character of the boatswain Chucks characterised in detail through his language. He appeared to have received half an education; sometimes his language was for a few sentences remarkably well chosen, but, all of a sudden, he would break down at a hard word. (p. 98) He attempted to be very polite, even when addressing the common seamen, and certainly, he always commenced his observations to them in a very gracious manner, but, as he continued, he became less choice in his phraseology. O‘Brien said that his speeches were like the sine of the poet, very fair at the upper part of them, but shocking at the lower extremities. As a specimen of them, he would say to the man on the forecastle, ―Allow me to observe, my dear man, in the most delicate way in the world, that you are spilling tar upon the deck – a deck, sir, I may venture to make the observation, I had the duty of seeing holystoned this morning. You understand me, sir, you have defiled his Majesty‘s forecastle. I must do my duty, sir, if you neglect yours; so take that – and that – and that – (thrashing the man with his rattan) – you d-d hay-making son of a sea-cook. Do it again, d-n your eyes, and I‘ll cut your liver out.‖ Chucks accounts for his language as follows: ―But I must defend myself by observing the very artificial state in which we live on board of a man-of-war. Necessity, my dear Mr. Simple, has no law. You must observe how gently I always commence when I have to find fault. I do that to prove my gentility; but, sir, my zeal for the service obliges me to alter my language, to prove, in the end, that I am in earnest. Nothing would afford me more pleasure than to be able to carry on the duty as a gentleman; but that‘s impossible.‖ (p. 134) Chucks then tells the story of his childhood and upbringing, which accounts for his code-switching. Chucks ends up as ‗Count Shucksen‘ through a complex set of circumstances (see pp. 620-4). 7. Other points of interest p. 60 Peter encounters a ship‘s crew who speak very politely: ―What surprised me most was, that although the men employed appeared to be sailors, their language was very different to what I had been lately accustomed to on board of the frigate. Instead of damning and swearing, everybody was so polite. ―Oblige me with a pull of the starboard bow hawswer, Mr Jones.‖ ― Other varieties briefly represented in the narrative include the language of the prostitutes who try to seduce Peter (p. 85), Celeste as a young girl speaks broken English (p. 203) but later learns English as Peter learns French O‘Brien adopts both Scottish and Irish accent in telling the story of his ancestors (p. 101 ff.) and occasionally uses Irish words himself e.g. p. 219 spalpeen and Irish pronunciation, e.g. p. 293 ‗nately‘ for ‗neatly‘, but not at all consistent. O‘Brien also not good at long words though, e.g. p. 259 ―If I have any knowledge of phiz – what d‟ye call it,‖ (physiognomy) http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, <strong>The</strong> University of Sheffield 71
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Special collections and archives: T
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Ward, Mrs Humphry, The History of D
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5b.1 Orthography Elision „avin Re
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male, low social class, unskilled;
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But the Lord ‗a mercy upon us, Mr
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5b.2 Grammar Non standard plural ma
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Moderately marked 5e. Location of d
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First published: ? Library referenc
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4. Overview of varieties / dialects
Page 19 and 20: Eliot brothers code-switch on sever
Page 21 and 22: a-prefixing: I can‟t abear as for
Page 23 and 24: Cross-examined by Mr. England: ―H
Page 25 and 26: ―Here we are, brother,‖ said Mr
Page 27 and 28: p. 237: ―I know little of them [R
Page 29 and 30: 5g. Consistency of representation C
Page 31 and 32: 6. Narrative comments on dialects a
Page 33 and 34: nobleman born. James and Thomas, me
Page 35 and 36: 5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 37 and 38: 5b.3 Vocabulary Nothing noted 5c. D
Page 39 and 40: Respelling kerridge h-addition / de
Page 41 and 42: Bullough Collection No. 79 The Life
Page 43 and 44: Non standard plural seventeen year
Page 45 and 46: 5b.2 Grammar None noted 5b.3 Vocabu
Page 47 and 48: 5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 49 and 50: (Or at least this was the drift of
Page 51 and 52: Respelling mak 5b.2 Grammar None no
Page 53 and 54: ―He‘s a rum-un to look at,‖ s
Page 55 and 56: 5. Variety #2: Dr O‟Toole, Assist
Page 57 and 58: Very generic non-standard. Not even
Page 59 and 60: mean - crowds of ‗em would come i
Page 61 and 62: "Bless my heart, what vules we be!
Page 63 and 64: 5a. Sample of dialect ―I hope tha
Page 65 and 66: Bullough Collection No. 274 The Com
Page 67 and 68: "I bit thankit 'im, 'cause I tint m
Page 69: ‗cause why, they pipe-clays their
Page 73 and 74: ―Where‘s Phil Mooney? Come alon
Page 75 and 76: ―So help me God, gemmen, you no g
Page 77 and 78: 5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 79 and 80: Respelling hoow‟s; soond; mair; N
Page 81 and 82: Female, domestic servant 5g. Consis
Page 83 and 84: None noted Bullough Collection No.
Page 85 and 86: 5c. Dialect area represented Unspec
Page 87 and 88: North Carolina, United States 5d. D
Page 89 and 90: 5b.1 Orthography Transposition v an
Page 91 and 92: 5a. Sample of dialect "‖Hollooo o
Page 93 and 94: Surtees himself came from landed ge
Page 95 and 96: 5b.3 Vocabulary Lexis low words 5c.
Page 97 and 98: 5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 99 and 100: Non standard concord was you Non st
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