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‖Done!‖ said Mr. Jorrocks, ―a guinea one – and we‘ll ax my friend here. – Now, what‘s that?‖ [p.22] ―Catch my ‗oss, boouy!‖ [p. 33] ―I‘m a werry old member of the ‗unt, and when I was a werry poor man (hiccup) I always did my best to support them (hiccup), and now that I‘m a werry rich man (cheers) I shan‘t do no otherwise. About subscribing to the staggers, I doesn‘t recollect saying nothing whatsomever about it (hiccup), but as I‘m werry friendly to sporting in all its ramifications (hiccup), I‘ll be werry happy to give ten pounds to your ‗ounds.‖ [drunk, p. 70] ―who‘d have thought of seeing you in the city, this is something unkimmon!‖ [p.73] ―When we got near the Helephant and Castle, Timothy Odgkinson, of Brixton Hill, a low, underselling grocer, got his measly errand cart, with his name and address in great staring white letters, just in advance of the leaders, and kept dodging across the road to get the sound ground, for the whole line was werry ―wooley‖ as you calls it.‖ [Jorrocks writing a letter, p. 207] 5b.1 Orthography Transposition v and w, vot, werry, Elision (with apostrophe) „orse, „ounds, reg‟lar, „oss [but note also hack, home] Respelling Binjamin, ax, load (lad), boouy, unkimmon Hypercorrection: Helephant and Castle 5b.2 Grammar Non standard concord what they calls, I doesn‟t Double negative I doesn‟t recollect saying nothing, I shan‟t do no otherwise 5b.3 Vocabulary tit, clipper, displeasancy [a neologism? p. 93], gammonacious [p. 105] 5c. Dialect area(s) represented Cockney. Social and regional dialect (but note: is it ‗Cockney‘ as we think of it today?) 5d. Density of dialect representation Moderately marked 5e. Location of dialect Dialect entirely in dialogue 5f. Characteristics of dialect speakers Male, prosperous grocer aspiring to life of landed gentry 5g. Consistency of representation Not always a consistent representation, but no obviously intentional code-switching apart from speech given when drunk, where his cockney becomes stronger [p. 70] 5. Variety #2: slangy cockney, spoken by peripheral characters including newspaper boys 5a. Sample of dialect "A hunter! a hunter! crikey, a hunter! My eyes! there‘s a gamecock for you! Vot a beauty! Vere do you turn out to-day? Vere‘s the stag? Don‘t tumble off, old boy! ‗Ave you got ever a rope in your pocket? Take Bell‘s Life in London, vot contains all the sporting news of the country! Vot a vip the gemman‘s got! Vot a precious basternadering he could give us – my eyes, vot a swell! vot a shocking bad hat! – vot shocking bad breeches!‖ [newspaper boys, p. 20] ‖I say, Tom, twig this ‗ere machine,‖ said one. ―Dash my buttons, I never seed such a thing in all my life.‖ [toll boys, p. 61] ‖Carn‘t wait, ma‘am – time‘s hup‖ [coachman, p. 140] http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, <strong>The</strong> University of Sheffield 88
5b.1 Orthography Transposition v and w, e.g. vot, vip, vere Hypercorrection hup Elision (with apostrophe) „ave Elision (no apostrophe) gemman Respelling carn‟t 5b.2 Grammar Non standard tense formation seed 5b.3 Vocabulary (lots of slangy phrases) basternardering, shocking, twig, dash my buttons 5c. Dialect area(s) represented Cockney, regional and social dialect. 5d. Density of dialect representation Moderately marked 5e. Location of dialect Dialect entirely in dialogue 5f. Characteristics of dialect speakers Male, unskilled, peripheral 5g. Consistency of representation Consistent; no evidence of code-switching 5. Variety #3: Cockney spoken by other upwardly mobile cockney gentlemen and women. Not at all distinguishable from that spoken by Jorrocks, so only a few examples and no analysis provided. 5a. Sample of dialect ‖But,‖ says Dickens, ―my ‗orse won‘t stand it; I had him the shay till eleven last night, and he came forty-three mile without traveller the day before, else he‘s a ‗good ‗un to go, ‗ as you know. Do you remember the owdacious leap he took over the tinker‘s tent, at Epping ‗Unt, last Easter?‖ [Dickens, p. 23] "Vell, Joe,‖ said he, straddling and sticking his thumbs into the arm-holes of his waistcoat, to this invaluable man of work, ―we must show the gemmem some sport to-day; vich do you think the best line to start upon – shall we go the ten hacre field, or the plantation, or Thompson‘s stubble, or Timm‘s turnips, or my meadow, or vere?‖ [Browne, p. 43] [Note hypercorrection ten hacre field.] ―Vy, there‘s myself, Mr. Jorrocks, and Mr Jorrocks‘s other friend – three in all, and we shall want three good, hairy bedrooms.‖ ―Well, I don‘t know,‖ replied Mr. Creed, laughing, ―about their hairiness, but I can rub them with bear‘s grease for you.‖ [Jemmy, p. 117] [Note hypercorrection hairy for airy] ‖‘Orrible man, with a nasty vig,‖ observed the mamma of the first speaker – ―shouldn‘t have my darter not at no price‖ [young lady‘s mother, p. 121] 5. Variety #4: yokel, spoken by occasional characters 5a. Sample of dialect ―At length a yokel pops out of the cover, and as soon as he has recovered breath, informs the field that he has been "a-hollorin‘ to ‗em for half an hour,‖ and that the fox had ―gone away for Tattersfield, ‗most as soon as ever the ‗oounds went into ‗ood.‖ [p. 7] 5b.1 Orthography Elision (marked by apostrophe) „em, a-hollorin‟, „oounds‟, „wood http://librarysupport.shef.ac.uk /bullough.pdf Copyright © 2007, <strong>The</strong> University of Sheffield 89
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Special collections and archives: T
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Ward, Mrs Humphry, The History of D
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5b.1 Orthography Elision „avin Re
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male, low social class, unskilled;
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But the Lord ‗a mercy upon us, Mr
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5b.2 Grammar Non standard plural ma
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Moderately marked 5e. Location of d
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First published: ? Library referenc
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4. Overview of varieties / dialects
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Eliot brothers code-switch on sever
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a-prefixing: I can‟t abear as for
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Cross-examined by Mr. England: ―H
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―Here we are, brother,‖ said Mr
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p. 237: ―I know little of them [R
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5g. Consistency of representation C
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6. Narrative comments on dialects a
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nobleman born. James and Thomas, me
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5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 37 and 38: 5b.3 Vocabulary Nothing noted 5c. D
Page 39 and 40: Respelling kerridge h-addition / de
Page 41 and 42: Bullough Collection No. 79 The Life
Page 43 and 44: Non standard plural seventeen year
Page 45 and 46: 5b.2 Grammar None noted 5b.3 Vocabu
Page 47 and 48: 5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 49 and 50: (Or at least this was the drift of
Page 51 and 52: Respelling mak 5b.2 Grammar None no
Page 53 and 54: ―He‘s a rum-un to look at,‖ s
Page 55 and 56: 5. Variety #2: Dr O‟Toole, Assist
Page 57 and 58: Very generic non-standard. Not even
Page 59 and 60: mean - crowds of ‗em would come i
Page 61 and 62: "Bless my heart, what vules we be!
Page 63 and 64: 5a. Sample of dialect ―I hope tha
Page 65 and 66: Bullough Collection No. 274 The Com
Page 67 and 68: "I bit thankit 'im, 'cause I tint m
Page 69 and 70: ‗cause why, they pipe-clays their
Page 71 and 72: Female (and also some male) Barbadi
Page 73 and 74: ―Where‘s Phil Mooney? Come alon
Page 75 and 76: ―So help me God, gemmen, you no g
Page 77 and 78: 5d. Density of dialect representati
Page 79 and 80: Respelling hoow‟s; soond; mair; N
Page 81 and 82: Female, domestic servant 5g. Consis
Page 83 and 84: None noted Bullough Collection No.
Page 85 and 86: 5c. Dialect area represented Unspec
Page 87: North Carolina, United States 5d. D
Page 91 and 92: 5a. Sample of dialect "‖Hollooo o
Page 93 and 94: Surtees himself came from landed ge
Page 95 and 96: 5b.3 Vocabulary Lexis low words 5c.
Page 97 and 98: 5f. Characteristics of dialect spea
Page 99 and 100: Non standard concord was you Non st
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