Untitled

S120
Carbohydrates and cancer
TJ Key and EA Spencer
glycemic load, and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11, 1153–1158.
Cramer DW, Harlow BL, Willett WC, Welch WR, Bell DA, Scully RE
et al. (1989). Galactose consumption and metabolism in relation
to the risk of ovarian cancer. Lancet 8, 66–71.
Crew KD, Neugut AI (2004). Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal
malignancies. Semin Oncol 31, 450–464.
Crew KD, Neugut AI (2006). Epidemiology of gastric cancer. World J
Gastroenterol 12, 354–362.
De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Mendilaharsu M,
Carzoglio JC, Ronco A (1999). Carbohydrates and risk of stomach
cancer in Uruguay. Int J Cancer 82, 618–621.
De Stefani E, Correa P, Boffetta P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco AL,
Mendilaharsu M (2004). Dietary patterns and risk of gastric cancer:
a case–control study in Uruguay. Gastric Cancer 7, 211–220.
Department of Health UK (1998). Nutritional aspects of the development
of cancer (Report of the Working Group on Diet and Cancer of the
Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy). The
Stationery Office: London.
Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group
(2003). Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer
risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95, 1218–1226.
Folsom AR, Demissie Z, Harnack L (2003). Iowa women’s health
study: glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of endometrial
cancer: the Iowa women’s health study. Nutr Cancer 46, 119–124.
Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Augustin L, Negri E, Parpinel M, Boyle P
et al. (2001). Dietary glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk.
Ann Oncol 12, 173–178.
Garcia-Closas R, Castellsague X, Bosch X, Gonzalez CA (2005). The
role of diet and nutrition in cervical carcinogenesis: a review of
recent evidence. Int J Cancer 117, 629–637.
Genkinger JM, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Anderson KE, Arslan A,
Beeson WL et al. (2006). Dairy products and ovarian cancer: a
pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 15, 364–372.
Giles GG, Simpson JA, English DR, Hodge AM, Gertig DM, Macinnis
RJ et al. (2006). Dietary carbohydrate, fibre, glycaemic index,
glycaemic load and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J
Cancer 118, 1843–1847.
Hague A, Elder DJ, Hicks DJ, Paraskeva C (1995). Apoptosis in
colorectal tumour cells: induction by the short chain fatty acids
butyrate, propionate and acetate and by the bile salt deoxycholate.
Int J Cancer 60, 400–406.
Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB (2005). Meta-analysis: obesity
and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications.
Ann Intern Med 143, 199–211.
Handa K, Kreiger N (2002). Diet patterns and the risk of renal cell
carcinoma. Public Health Nutr 5, 757–767.
Higginbotham S, Zhang ZF, Lee IM, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S
(2004b). Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the
Women’s Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13, 65–70.
Higginbotham S, Zhang ZF, Lee IM, Cook NR, Giovannucci E, Buring
JE et al. (2004a). Dietary glycemic load and risk of colorectal cancer
in the women’s health study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96, 229–233.
Holmes MD, Liu S, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Willett WC
(2004). Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk. Am J
Epidemiol 159, 732–739.
Howe GR, Benito E, Castelleto R, Cornee J, Esteve J, Gallagher RP
et al. (1992). Dietary intake of fiber and decreased risk of cancers of
the colon and rectum: evidence from the combined analysis of 13
case-control studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 84, 1887–1896.
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/chemicals/acrylamide/en/.
Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Barzi F,
Woodward M (2005). Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a
meta-analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer 92, 2076–2083.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2002). Overweight and
lack of exercise linked to increased cancer risk. In: IARC Handbooks
of Cancer Prevention, volume 6 World Health Organisation:
Geneva.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Jacobs Jr DR, Marquart L, Slavin J, Kushi LH (1998). Whole-grain
intake and cancer: an expanded review and meta-analysis.
Nutr Cancer 30, 85–96.
Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, Hsu CH, Jiang R, Schatzkin A et al.
(2006). Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled
analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 83b, 343–349.
Jain MG, Rohan TE, Howe GR, Miller AB (2000). A cohort study of
nutritional factors and endometrial cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 16,
899–905.
Jonas CR, McCullough ML, Teras LR, Walker-Thurmond KA, Thun MJ
et al. (2003). Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk
of incident breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12, 573–577.
Johnson KJ, Anderson KE, Harnack L, Hong CP, Folsom AR (2005).
No association between dietary glycemic index or load and
pancreatic cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14, 1574–1575.
Kasum CM, Nicodemus K, Harnack LJ, Jacobs Jr DR, Folsom AR, Iowa
Women’s Health Study (2001). Whole grain intake and incident
endometrial cancer: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Nutr Cancer
39, 180–186.
Key TJ, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC (2003). Nutrition and breast
cancer. Breast 12, 412–416.
Key TJ, Schatzkin A, Willett WC, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC
(2004). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer. Public Health
Nutr 7 (1A), 187–200.
Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A (2006a). Glycemic load, glycemic
index and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of stomach
cancer: a prospective study. Int J Cancer 118, 3167–3169.
Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A (2006b). Milk, milk products and
lactose intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of
epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer 118, 431–441.
Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C (2002).
Glycaemic index, breast and colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 13,
1688–1689.
Lindblad P, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Adami HO (1997). Diet and risk of
renal cell cancer: a population-based case–control study. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6, 215–223.
Lissowska J, Gail MH, Pee D, Groves FD, Sobin LH, Nasierowska-
Guttmejer A et al. (2004). Diet and stomach cancer risk in Warsaw,
Poland. Nutr Cancer 48, 149–159.
Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P (2005). Risk factors for pancreatic
cancer. J Cell Biochem 95, 649–656.
Mattisson I, Wirfalt E, Johansson U, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Berglund
G (2004). Intakes of plant foods, fibre and fat and risk of breast
cancer–a prospective study in the Malmo diet and cancer cohort.
Br J Cancer 90, 122–127.
McCarl M, Harnack L, Limburg PJ, Anderson KE, Folsom AR (2006).
Incidence of colorectal cancer in relation to glycemic index and
load in a cohort of women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15,
892–896.
Michaud DS (2004). Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. Minerva Chir
59, 99–111.
Michaud DS, Fuchs CS, Liu S, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E
(2005). Dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate, sugar, and colorectal
cancer risk in men and women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14, 138–147.
Michaud DS, Liu S, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Colditz GA,
Fuchs CS (2002). Dietary sugar, glycemic load, and
pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst
94, 1293–1300.
Mucci LA, Adami HO (2005). The role of epidemiology in understanding
the relationship between dietary acrylamide and cancer
risk in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 561, 39–47.
Muñoz N, Plummer M, Vivas J, Moreno V, De Sanjose S, Lopez G et al.
(2001). A case–control study of gastric cancer in Venezuela. Int J
Cancer 93, 417–423.
Nagengast FM, Grubben MJ, van Munster IP (1995). Role of bile acids
in colorectal carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer 31A, 1067–1070.