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Volume 61, Supplement 1, December 2007 Joint FAO/WHO Scientific Update on Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition Guest Editors: Chizuru Nishida, Frank Martinez Nocito and Jim Mann
www.nature.com/ejcn EJCN is published by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Scope EJCN is published monthly. It covers theoretical aspects of nutrition; relations of function to nutritional status; nutritional causes and effects of disease; the epidemiology of disease; community nutrition and education; the determinants of eating behaviour. Papers on animal nutrition will not be accepted unless they include parallel studies on human subjects. This journal is covered by Current Contents, Current Contents Clinical Medicine, Current Contents Life Sciences, EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, BIOSIS, CABS, CAB Abstracts, CAB Health and Nutrition Research Newsletter. The Editor of the EJCN requires all contributors to read the following statement in conjunction with the ‘Directions to Contributors’. Ethics of investigation on human subjects. Authors must state in the text of their paper the steps which they have taken to conform with accepted procedures for the maintenance of clinical standards. Consent must be obtained from each patient or subjects after full explanation of the purpose, nature and risks of all procedures used. The fact that such consent has been given should be recorded in the paper. If an Ethical Committee is in operation in the institution where the work was done, it should be stated in the paper that the protocol has been approved by that Committee. If no such Committee exists, this fact should also be stated in the paper. The Editor has the right and duty not to accept papers if, in his opinion, the ethical aspects are open to doubt. Editorial To expedite the review process, authors should submit their manuscript online at http://mts-ejcn.nature.com. Detailed ‘Directions to Contributors’ are available at this website, or in print in the first issue of the year. Publisher All business correspondence and enquiries about sponsorship opportunities should be addressed to EJCN, Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, UK. Tel: +44 20 7833 4000. Fax: +44 20 7843 4640. Executive Editor: Joyce-Rachel John Production Controller: Steve Chillmaid EJCN is online at www.nature.com/ejcn. Visit the journal’s home pages for details of the aims and scope, readership, instructions to authors and how to contact the Editor and publishing staff. Use the website to order a subscription, reprints, a sample copy or individual articles. Free to all readers: The complete text of all articles in the back archive 4 years after publication; table of contents and abstracts for all articles published within the last 4 years and the complete text of the January 2007 issue. 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Copyright r 2007 Nature Publishing Group Copyright r 2007, in the articles in this supplement, World Health Organization ISSN 0954-3007 EISSN 1476-5640 All rights of reproduction are reserved in respect of all papers, articles, illustrations, etc., published in this journal in all countries of the world. All material published in this journal is protected by copyright, which covers exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the material. No material published in this journal may be reproduced or stored on microfilm or in electronic, optical or magnetic form without the written authorisation of the publisher. Authorisation to photocopy material for internal or personal use, or internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Nature Publishing Group, to libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transaction Reporting Service, provided the relevant copyright fee is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Identification Code for EJCN: 0954-3007/07. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (ISSN 0954-3007) is published 12 times a year by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Ltd. US Mailing Agent: Mercury Airfreight International Inc., 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, NJ, USA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to EJCN Nature Publishing Group, Mercury Airfreight International Inc., 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. Typeset by Macmillan India Ltd, Bangalore, India Printed on acid-free paper, effective with Volume 48, Issue 1, 1994
Page 5 and 6: Comision Federal de la mejora regul
Page 7 and 8: Subject: MEXICO - Comments on PROY
Page 9 and 10: Item of PROY‐ NOM‐051 A.3.1 & A
Page 11: Annex 1.1: Ziesenitz, S.C.; 1996;
Page 26 and 27: Volume 61 Supplement 1 December 200
Page 30 and 31: S1 S5 S19 S40 S75 S100 S112 S122 S1
Page 32 and 33: FAO/WHO Scientific Update on carboh
Page 34 and 35: cardiovascular diseases and cancer)
Page 36 and 37: REVIEW Carbohydrate terminology and
Page 38 and 39: Table 2 Energy and macronutrient in
Page 40 and 41: are inulin and fructo oligosacchari
Page 42 and 43: Table 3 Principal physiological pro
Page 44 and 45: National Academy of Sciences in 200
Page 46 and 47: product contained X25% whole grain
Page 48 and 49: Henderson L, Gregory J, Swan G (200
Page 50 and 51: REVIEW Nutritional characterization
Page 52 and 53: Table 1 Nutritional characterizatio
Page 54 and 55: Table 2 Principles of carbohydrate
Page 56 and 57: Table 4 NSP in a selection of foods
Page 58 and 59: asked to consider both the ‘plant
Page 60 and 61: Table 5 Continued Plant-rich diet a
Page 62 and 63: account for any supplemented materi
Page 64 and 65: eaction vessels, with successive tr
Page 66 and 67: similar to the situation with sugar
Page 68 and 69: company working on dietary carbohyd
Page 70 and 71: van Dam RM, Seidell JC (2007). Carb
Page 72 and 73: 2003). In establishing the energy v
Page 74 and 75: combustible energy of the fermentab
Page 76 and 77: glucose, starch, NSP) there is also
Page 78 and 79:
generated through bioenergetic inef
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Table 4 cE, ME and NME, and content
Page 82 and 83:
ME (Atwater general system) (Merill
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(o0.8 kg in the adult), increase af
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B1.4 MJ from protein in men, did no
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food and body weight, height or BMI
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esults may relate not only to the d
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ecologist, who is pre-occupied with
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Table 5 Effect of NSP (dietary fibr
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As already described, almost any ca
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in adolescents. Possible mechanisms
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unit, such as a grant or fellowship
Page 102 and 103:
Conference on Medical Research. Ros
Page 104 and 105:
Prentice AM, Poppitt SD (1996). Imp
Page 106 and 107:
REVIEW Carbohydrate intake and obes
Page 108 and 109:
Total carbohydrate intake Introduct
Page 110 and 111:
composition of the diet did not sub
Page 112 and 113:
European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
Page 114 and 115:
postmenopausal US women (Howard et
Page 116 and 117:
weight loss was greater after 6 mon
Page 118 and 119:
European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
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its carbohydrate content, whereas a
Page 122 and 123:
Table 4 Continued Duration Interven
Page 124 and 125:
Despite a substantially lower GL fo
Page 126 and 127:
increased physical activity has bee
Page 128 and 129:
with normal glucose tolerance: the
Page 130 and 131:
Westerterp KR, Verboeket-van de Ven
Page 132 and 133:
especially the NSP, complicates com
Page 134 and 135:
1.21, 1.35, 1.40 and 1.64. The patt
Page 136 and 137:
esidual confounding provide the jus
Page 138 and 139:
carbohydrate have generated broadly
Page 140 and 141:
There is no good evidence of benefi
Page 142 and 143:
Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, S
Page 144 and 145:
from prospective studies which have
Page 146 and 147:
Table 3 Prospective studies of diet
Page 148 and 149:
of sucrose-containing foods, such a
Page 150 and 151:
Acrylamide Acrylamide is a chemical
Page 152 and 153:
Nicodemus KK, Jacobs Jr DR, Folsom
Page 154 and 155:
carbohydrate and fat may have a low
Page 156 and 157:
Foods having very different nutrien
Page 158 and 159:
esearch activities and food selecti
Page 160 and 161:
highest satiety score was boiled po
Page 162 and 163:
patients: a new basis for carbohydr
Page 164 and 165:
and lipid levels, to a greater exte
Page 166 and 167:
insufficient for the use of glycaem
Page 168 and 169:
Dr Hans Englyst: Director and share
Page 175 and 176:
Annex 1.4: US‐FDA GRAS Notificati
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FDA/CFSAN/OFAS: Agency Response Let
Page 179 and 180:
Annex 1.5: US Health Claims Regulat
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jlentini on PROD1PC65 with RULES 30
Page 183 and 184:
Annex 1.6: “PalatinoseTM (isomalt
Page 185 and 186:
Isomaltulose is tooth friendly, unl
Page 187 and 188:
CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
Page 189 and 190:
CONFIDENTIAL General or usual name:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
CONFIDENTIAL Plasma glucose change
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
CONFIDENTIAL Rise in blood glucose
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
CONFIDENTIAL References Regulatory
Page 203:
Annex 1.8: Report from Imfeld (Univ
Page 240:
Annex 2.2: Roberfroid, M.B., 1999;
Page 244:
Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
Page 247 and 248:
1 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 361:
Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368:
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