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S1 S5 S19 S40 S75 S100 S112 S122 S132 INTRODUCTION Volume 61, Supplement 1, December 2007 FAO/WHO Scientific Update on carbohydrates in human nutrition: introduction C Nishida and F Martinez Nocito REVIEWS Carbohydrate terminology and classification JH Cummings and AM Stephen Nutritional characterization and measurement of dietary carbohydrates KN Englyst, S Liu and HN Englyst Physiological aspects of energy metabolism and gastrointestinal effects of carbohydrates M Elia and JH Cummings Carbohydrate intake and obesity RM van Dam and JC Seidell Dietary carbohydrate: relationship to cardiovascular disease and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism J Mann Carbohydrates and cancer: an overview of the epidemiological evidence TJ Key and EA Spencer Glycemic index and glycemic load: measurement issues and their effect on diet--disease relationships BJ Venn and TJ Green CONCLUSIONS FAO/WHO Scientific Update on carbohydrates in human nutrition: conclusions J Mann, JH Cummings, HN Englyst, T Key, S Liu, G Riccardi, C Summerbell, R Uauy, RM van Dam, B Venn, HH Vorster and M Wiseman Copyright r 2007 Nature Publishing Group Copyright r 2007, in the articles in this supplement, World Health Organization Disclaimer: The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is beingdistributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. This issue is nowavailable at: www.nature.com/ejcn
Beginning January 2008, Nature Publishing Group (NPG) will publish Obesity. Th e preeminent journal in its fi eld, Obesity is intended to increase knowledge, foster research and promote better treatment for people with obesity and their loved ones. With a newly redesigned front section, the journal will feature editorials, commentaries, reviews, information about articles of interest in the issue as well as timely and relevant coverage of research that defi nes the fi eld. Covering the breadth of obesity research, the journal covers topics such as: • clinical nutrition medicine • pharmacology • nutrition medicine • genetics • adipogenesis • behavioral epidemiology • biophysics and lipid metabolism • exercise and human physiology • nutritional epidemiology Joining Nature Publishing Group not only means changes to the journal’s look in print, but online as well. Obesity’s homepage will off er robust online features unique to Nature Publishing Group, like: • Table of Contents E-alerts is a free service which delivers the table of contents page directly to your inbox on the day the issue publishes. Th e quickest and easiest way to stay abreast of the latest research and reviews, free monthly article promotions, special issues and focuses from Obesity. • Free sample issue available all year long online at www.nature.com/obesity • Integrated searches across all 70+ Nature Publishing Group journals and products • Reference linking via CrossRef and Medline www.nature.com/obesity ANNOUNCING A NEW LOOK & NEW PUBLISHER FOR 2008 • phenotyping • fat cell physiology • aging, neuroscience • transgenic models • metabolic syndrome • nutrition behavior • pediatric obesity • adipocyte cell biology ISSN: 1930-7381 2005 IMPACT FACTOR: 3.491* RANKING: 30/93 Endocrinology & Metabolism 8/55 Nutrition & Dietetics EDITOR: Dr. Richard Bergman Offi cial Journal of The Obesity Society *Journal Citation Reports, Thomson, 2007
Page 5 and 6: Comision Federal de la mejora regul
Page 7 and 8: Subject: MEXICO - Comments on PROY
Page 9 and 10: Item of PROY‐ NOM‐051 A.3.1 & A
Page 11: Annex 1.1: Ziesenitz, S.C.; 1996;
Page 26 and 27: Volume 61 Supplement 1 December 200
Page 28 and 29: Volume 61, Supplement 1, December 2
Page 32 and 33: FAO/WHO Scientific Update on carboh
Page 34 and 35: cardiovascular diseases and cancer)
Page 36 and 37: REVIEW Carbohydrate terminology and
Page 38 and 39: Table 2 Energy and macronutrient in
Page 40 and 41: are inulin and fructo oligosacchari
Page 42 and 43: Table 3 Principal physiological pro
Page 44 and 45: National Academy of Sciences in 200
Page 46 and 47: product contained X25% whole grain
Page 48 and 49: Henderson L, Gregory J, Swan G (200
Page 50 and 51: REVIEW Nutritional characterization
Page 52 and 53: Table 1 Nutritional characterizatio
Page 54 and 55: Table 2 Principles of carbohydrate
Page 56 and 57: Table 4 NSP in a selection of foods
Page 58 and 59: asked to consider both the ‘plant
Page 60 and 61: Table 5 Continued Plant-rich diet a
Page 62 and 63: account for any supplemented materi
Page 64 and 65: eaction vessels, with successive tr
Page 66 and 67: similar to the situation with sugar
Page 68 and 69: company working on dietary carbohyd
Page 70 and 71: van Dam RM, Seidell JC (2007). Carb
Page 72 and 73: 2003). In establishing the energy v
Page 74 and 75: combustible energy of the fermentab
Page 76 and 77: glucose, starch, NSP) there is also
Page 78 and 79: generated through bioenergetic inef
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Table 4 cE, ME and NME, and content
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ME (Atwater general system) (Merill
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(o0.8 kg in the adult), increase af
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B1.4 MJ from protein in men, did no
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food and body weight, height or BMI
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esults may relate not only to the d
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ecologist, who is pre-occupied with
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Table 5 Effect of NSP (dietary fibr
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As already described, almost any ca
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in adolescents. Possible mechanisms
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unit, such as a grant or fellowship
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Conference on Medical Research. Ros
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Prentice AM, Poppitt SD (1996). Imp
Page 106 and 107:
REVIEW Carbohydrate intake and obes
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Total carbohydrate intake Introduct
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composition of the diet did not sub
Page 112 and 113:
European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
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postmenopausal US women (Howard et
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weight loss was greater after 6 mon
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
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its carbohydrate content, whereas a
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Table 4 Continued Duration Interven
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Despite a substantially lower GL fo
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increased physical activity has bee
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with normal glucose tolerance: the
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Westerterp KR, Verboeket-van de Ven
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especially the NSP, complicates com
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1.21, 1.35, 1.40 and 1.64. The patt
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esidual confounding provide the jus
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carbohydrate have generated broadly
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There is no good evidence of benefi
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Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, S
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from prospective studies which have
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Table 3 Prospective studies of diet
Page 148 and 149:
of sucrose-containing foods, such a
Page 150 and 151:
Acrylamide Acrylamide is a chemical
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Nicodemus KK, Jacobs Jr DR, Folsom
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carbohydrate and fat may have a low
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Foods having very different nutrien
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esearch activities and food selecti
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highest satiety score was boiled po
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patients: a new basis for carbohydr
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and lipid levels, to a greater exte
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insufficient for the use of glycaem
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Dr Hans Englyst: Director and share
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Annex 1.4: US‐FDA GRAS Notificati
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FDA/CFSAN/OFAS: Agency Response Let
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Annex 1.5: US Health Claims Regulat
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jlentini on PROD1PC65 with RULES 30
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Annex 1.6: “PalatinoseTM (isomalt
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Isomaltulose is tooth friendly, unl
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CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
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CONFIDENTIAL General or usual name:
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CONFIDENTIAL Plasma glucose change
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
CONFIDENTIAL Rise in blood glucose
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CONFIDENTIAL References Regulatory
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Annex 1.8: Report from Imfeld (Univ
Page 240:
Annex 2.2: Roberfroid, M.B., 1999;
Page 244:
Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
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1 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 361:
Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368:
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