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Comparison of methods to estimate nonmilk extrinsic sugars and their application to sugars in the diet of young adolescents. Br J Nutr 94, 114–124. Kennedy G, Burlingame B (2003). Analysis of food composition data on rice from a plant genetic resources perspective. Food Chem 80, 589–596. Kiehm TG, Anderson JW, Ward K (1976). Beneficial effects of a high carbohydrate, high fiber diet on hyperglycemic diabetic men. Am J Clin Nutr 29, 895–899. Kunz C, Rudloff S, Baier W, Klein N, Strobel S (2000). Oligosaccharides in human milk: structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. Annu Rev Nutr 20, 699–722. Lang R, Thane CW, Bolton-Smith C, Jebb SA (2003). Consumption of whole-grain foods by British adults: findings from further analysis of two national dietary surveys. Public Health Nutr 6, 479–484. Langkilde AM, Champ M, Anderson H (2002). 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Molis C, Flourie B, Ouarne F, Gailing MF, Lartigue S, Guibert A et al. (1996). Digestion, excretion and energy value of fructooligosaccharides in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 64, 324–328. National Academy of Sciences (2001). Dietary References Intakes. Proposed Definition of Dietary Fiber. National Academy of Sciences: Washington DC. New Zealand Nutrition Foundation (2004). Sugar and our diet. http://www.chelsea.co.nz/shared/documents/report.pdf. Oku T, Tokunaga T, Hosoya N (1984). Non-digestibility of a new sweetener ‘Neosugar’ in the rat. J Nutr 114, 1574–1581. Pehrsson PR, Cutrufelli RL, Gebhardt SE, Lemar LE, Holcomb GT, Haytowitz DB et al. (2005). USDA database for the added sugars content of selected foods. www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata. Prosky L, Asp N-G, Schweizer TF, De Vries JW, Furda I (1992). Determination of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber in foods and food products: collaborative study. J AOAC Int 75, 360–367. Regina A, Bird A, Topping D, Bowden S, Freeman J, Barsby T et al. (2006). High-amylose wheat generated by RNA interference improves indices of large-bowel health in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 3546–3551. Rivellese A, Riccardi G, Giacco A, Pacioni D, Genovese S, Mattioli PL et al. (1980). Effect of dietary fibre on glucose control and serumlipoproteins in diabetic-patients. Lancet 2, 447–450. Roberfroid M (2005). Inulin-type Fructans. Functional Food Ingredients. CRC Press: Boca Raton. Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Delzenne N (1993). The biochemistry of oligofructose, a non-digestible fiber: an approach to calculate its caloric value. Nutr Rev 51, 137–146. Saltmarsh ME (2000). Essential Guide to Food Additives. Leatherhead Publishing: Leatherhead. Seal CJ (2006). Whole grains and CVD risk. Proc Nutr Soc 65, 24–34. Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (1977). Dietary Goals for the United States. US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC. 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- Page 5 and 6: Comision Federal de la mejora regul
- Page 7 and 8: Subject: MEXICO - Comments on PROY
- Page 9 and 10: Item of PROY‐ NOM‐051 A.3.1 & A
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- Page 32 and 33: FAO/WHO Scientific Update on carboh
- Page 34 and 35: cardiovascular diseases and cancer)
- Page 36 and 37: REVIEW Carbohydrate terminology and
- Page 38 and 39: Table 2 Energy and macronutrient in
- Page 40 and 41: are inulin and fructo oligosacchari
- Page 42 and 43: Table 3 Principal physiological pro
- Page 44 and 45: National Academy of Sciences in 200
- Page 46 and 47: product contained X25% whole grain
- Page 50 and 51: REVIEW Nutritional characterization
- Page 52 and 53: Table 1 Nutritional characterizatio
- Page 54 and 55: Table 2 Principles of carbohydrate
- Page 56 and 57: Table 4 NSP in a selection of foods
- Page 58 and 59: asked to consider both the ‘plant
- Page 60 and 61: Table 5 Continued Plant-rich diet a
- Page 62 and 63: account for any supplemented materi
- Page 64 and 65: eaction vessels, with successive tr
- Page 66 and 67: similar to the situation with sugar
- Page 68 and 69: company working on dietary carbohyd
- Page 70 and 71: van Dam RM, Seidell JC (2007). Carb
- Page 72 and 73: 2003). In establishing the energy v
- Page 74 and 75: combustible energy of the fermentab
- Page 76 and 77: glucose, starch, NSP) there is also
- Page 78 and 79: generated through bioenergetic inef
- Page 80 and 81: Table 4 cE, ME and NME, and content
- Page 82 and 83: ME (Atwater general system) (Merill
- Page 84 and 85: (o0.8 kg in the adult), increase af
- Page 86 and 87: B1.4 MJ from protein in men, did no
- Page 88 and 89: food and body weight, height or BMI
- Page 90 and 91: esults may relate not only to the d
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- Page 94 and 95: Table 5 Effect of NSP (dietary fibr
- Page 96 and 97: As already described, almost any ca
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in adolescents. Possible mechanisms
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unit, such as a grant or fellowship
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Conference on Medical Research. Ros
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Prentice AM, Poppitt SD (1996). Imp
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REVIEW Carbohydrate intake and obes
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Total carbohydrate intake Introduct
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composition of the diet did not sub
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
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postmenopausal US women (Howard et
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weight loss was greater after 6 mon
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrit
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its carbohydrate content, whereas a
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Table 4 Continued Duration Interven
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Despite a substantially lower GL fo
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increased physical activity has bee
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with normal glucose tolerance: the
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Westerterp KR, Verboeket-van de Ven
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especially the NSP, complicates com
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1.21, 1.35, 1.40 and 1.64. The patt
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esidual confounding provide the jus
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carbohydrate have generated broadly
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There is no good evidence of benefi
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Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, S
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from prospective studies which have
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Table 3 Prospective studies of diet
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of sucrose-containing foods, such a
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Acrylamide Acrylamide is a chemical
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Nicodemus KK, Jacobs Jr DR, Folsom
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carbohydrate and fat may have a low
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Foods having very different nutrien
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esearch activities and food selecti
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highest satiety score was boiled po
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patients: a new basis for carbohydr
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and lipid levels, to a greater exte
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insufficient for the use of glycaem
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Dr Hans Englyst: Director and share
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Annex 1.4: US‐FDA GRAS Notificati
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FDA/CFSAN/OFAS: Agency Response Let
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Annex 1.5: US Health Claims Regulat
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jlentini on PROD1PC65 with RULES 30
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Annex 1.6: “PalatinoseTM (isomalt
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Isomaltulose is tooth friendly, unl
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CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
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CONFIDENTIAL General or usual name:
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CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
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CONFIDENTIAL Plasma glucose change
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CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
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CONFIDENTIAL Rise in blood glucose
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CONFIDENTIAL Regulatory Affairs & N
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CONFIDENTIAL References Regulatory
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Annex 1.8: Report from Imfeld (Univ
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Annex 2.2: Roberfroid, M.B., 1999;
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Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
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1 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
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3 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
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5 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
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Annex 3.2: “Letter of no objectio
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1 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
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3 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/
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5 Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/