Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health

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Capital Hanoi Area 329,560 km 2 Population 86.1 million Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. The country is administratively divided into 59 provinces and 5 municipalities. Population growth rate 0.99% GDP - per capita (PPP) $2,900 GDP - real growth rate 6.3% (Source: CIA World Fact Book, 2008) HEALTHCARE FACILITIES In 2004 there were 13,149 healthcare facilities, of which the Ministry of Health (MoH) administrated 30 facilities, comprising 26 hospitals, one regional polyclinic, one convalescence and rehabilitation hospital, and two other facilities. The Provincial Department of Health (PDoH) managed 12,259 facilities including 800 hospitals, 857 regional polyclinics, 34 convalescence and rehabilitation hospitals, 10516 ward healthcare stations and 52 other facilities. Other sectors operated 860 facilities including 30 hospitals, 23 regional polyclinics, 18 convalescence and rehabilitation hospitals, and 789 other facilities. District health centers are responsible for all health programs, including hospitals of approximately 100 beds that support the community health centers and polyclinics for referral and training. Provincial health services support the district hospitals and manage all health programs including specialized hospitals, clinics, preventive care, hygiene and epidemiology, drug production, pharmacies and secondary medical school. Provincial hospitals were intended to be referral hospitals dealing solely with cases referred from district levels. Table shows a profile of healthcare facilities in Vietnam. 12 Healthcare Waste in Vietnam : A Status Report, submitted by Mr. Nguyen Thanh Yen, Officer, Pollution Control Division/Basel and Stockholm Conventions, Vietnam Environment Protection Agency, Hanoi, Vietnam to the Thematic Working Group on Solid and Hazardous Waste 93 HEALTHCARE WASTE IN ASIA: INTUITIONS & INSIGHTS
VIETNAM 12 Healthcare Facilities in Vietnam Type of healthcare facilities Number of healthcare facilities Bed strength Healthcare staff MoH-administrated 30 12,680 13,229 Hospital 26 Regional polyclinic 1 Convalescence and rehabilitation hospital Other facility 2 PDoH-administrated 12,259 166,257 145,342 Hospital 800 Regional polyclinic 857 Convalescence and rehabilitation hospital 1 34 Ward healthcare station 10,516 Other facility 52 Other sectors 860 17,374 7,434 Hospital 30 Regional polyclinic 23 Convalescence and rehabilitation hospital 18 Other facility* 789 Total 13,149 196,311 166,005 * Details to be confirmed by country representative CHAPTER 3_COUNTRY ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WASTE Healthcare waste in Vietnam is classified as general waste, clinic waste, radioactive waste, chemical waste, and compressed air containers. However, no reliable data is available about the share of healthcare waste that can be determined as hazardous waste. Healthcare waste investigated in several hospitals in Hanoi consists mainly of biogenetic material. Clinic waste is divided into five groups: Group A - infectious waste Group B - sharps items Group C - clinical waste Group D - pharmaceutical waste Group E - human and animal tissues and body parts. Radioactive waste is any solid, liquid, gaseous or pathological waste contaminated with radioactive isotopes of any kind.Chemical waste is divided into two groups; nonhazardous and hazardous chemical wastes. General wastes are the waste generated from in-patient or outpatient activities. 94
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HEALTHCARE WASTE in asia INTUITIONS
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This is the second draft of the rep
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Markedly, this report a milestone p
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More importantly, no report, compre
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The Chapter on Global Experiences a
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EPBs European Polar Boards EPCA Env
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SEPA State Environment Protection A
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1INTRODUCTION
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REGIONAL FORUM ON ENVIRONMENT AND H
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THEMATIC WORKING GROUP ON SOLID AND
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Commonly used HCW Symbols Caution S
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Points to Ponder for Safe Healthcar
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GENESIS OF THE REPORT This section
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Representative Departments to the 1
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3COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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CAMBODIA 1 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Treatment and Disposal Pit for disp
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION With the o
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CHINA 2 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
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In China, packaging bags and contai
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Institutional Setup Governing Healt
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Policies and Regulations Governing
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INDONESIA 3 Classification of Healt
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The missio
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JAPAN 4 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
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Treatment and Disposal Hospitals an
Page 57 and 58: Local Government: Local governments
Page 59 and 60: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The Waste
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Page 63 and 64: Healthcare Waste Management in Lao
Page 65 and 66: MALAYSIA 6 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Page 73 and 74: MONGOLIA 7 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Page 77 and 78: Treatment and Disposal Most healthc
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Page 81 and 82: MYANMAR 8 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
Page 83 and 84: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Governme
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Page 87 and 88: PHILIPPINES 9 There were about 70 h
Page 89 and 90: Annual Profile of Hazardous and Hea
Page 91 and 92: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Joint Ad
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Page 95 and 96: SINGAPORE 10 Hospital Care: Singapo
Page 97 and 98: Pharmaceutical wastes are further c
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Page 101 and 102: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The collec
Page 103 and 104: THAILAND 11 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCAR
Page 105 and 106: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions
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Page 111 and 112: Composition of Healthcare Waste Gen
Page 113 and 114: Healthcare Waste and Methods of Tre
Page 115 and 116: Ministry of Science, Technology and
Page 117 and 118: Description Guidelines on healthcar
Page 119 and 120: Description/Project Information Dev
Page 122 and 123: INTRODUCTION Procedures and systems
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Page 126 and 127: Health Risks from Healthcare Waste
Page 128 and 129: Box below presents information on h
Page 130 and 131: Italy An Italian Hospital located i
Page 132 and 133: Bio Medical Waste (Management & Han
Page 134 and 135: IFC REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHCARE PRO
Page 136 and 137: Transport to External Facilities Tr
Page 138 and 139: 5RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 140 and 141: Guidelines for appropriate healthca
Page 142 and 143: The proceeds from the sale of recyc
Page 144 and 145: ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS Managing the v
Page 146 and 147: Stakeholder Group Role in Healthcar
Page 148 and 149: Key Areas for Immediate Action BUDG
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCES Appleton, J. and Ali, M.
Page 152 and 153: SBC, (2003) Technical Guidelines on
Page 154 and 155: INTRODUCTION In the early 1990s, wh
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Low-Heat Technologies MICROWAVE SYS
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DRY HEATING What is a dry heating s
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PYROLYSIS-OXIDATION What is a pyrol
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IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGIES What is ir
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Korea Healthcare Waste in Asia: Int
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Healthcare Waste in Asia: Intuition
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Alarming increases in resource cons
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