Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health
Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health
Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health
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MYANMAR 8<br />
MANAGEMENT OF<br />
HEALTHCARE WASTE<br />
<strong><strong>Health</strong>care</strong> wastes are unique forms of solid<br />
and liquid wastes generated in the diagnosis,<br />
treatment, prevention or research, of human<br />
and animal disease. Every year large amounts<br />
of hazardous wastes are produced by<br />
hospitals, clinics, dispensaries, private medical<br />
and dental clinics research and veterinary<br />
facilities. <strong><strong>Health</strong>care</strong> waste in Myanmar is<br />
classified as: general (non-hazardous) wastes,<br />
infectious (non-sharp) wastes, sharps, clinical<br />
and pharmaceutical wastes, and hazardous<br />
wastes, such as, cytotoxic drugs, radioactive<br />
substances, and pressurized containers as<br />
shown in Figure below.<br />
Classification of <strong><strong>Health</strong>care</strong> <strong>Waste</strong><br />
Pharmaceutical<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Infectious<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Radioactive<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
<strong><strong>Health</strong>care</strong> <strong>Waste</strong><br />
Cytotoxic<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Infectious<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Pressurized<br />
container<br />
General<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Pathological<br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
CHAPTER 3_COUNTRY ANALYSIS<br />
A study conducted in Yangon City on the solid<br />
waste generation, collection and disposal by<br />
Yangon City Development Council (YCDC)<br />
has revealed that the healthcare waste forms<br />
about 8% of the total waste. Based on<br />
informal interviews with the staff and site<br />
visits of the consultants and professionals, it is<br />
noted that the total generation rate of solid<br />
waste in Yangon is about 2,200 ton/day of<br />
which healthcare waste may be about 176<br />
tons/day (YCDC, 2001).<br />
<strong>Waste</strong> generated from hospitals includes both<br />
liquid and solid wastes. The liquid waste<br />
contains specimen of blood, pus, sputum,<br />
urine, stool, biopsy material and other body<br />
fluids. The solid waste contains plastic, glass,<br />
organics, dressings, cotton, wrapping, empty<br />
glass vials etc. Ironically, the general waste also<br />
includes disposable syringes, intravenous drip<br />
sets, catheter, connectors, infusion tubes,<br />
plastic accessories, urine bags, blood bags,<br />
organic waste, and paper waste etc. The nonrecyclable<br />
waste includes infected dressings,<br />
blood/pus stained dressings, laundry waste,<br />
and amputations etc.<br />
The current situation of healthcare waste<br />
management system in Yangoon General<br />
Hospital was established in 1899, over 100<br />
years back. The General Administrative<br />
Department of Yangon General Hospital has<br />
to deal with healthcare waste generated by<br />
each ward. Nearly 0.66 tons of both infectious<br />
and non-infectious wastes are collected every<br />
day of which infectious waste is about 0.44<br />
tons and is incinerated. Sharps waste accounts<br />
for 0.22 tons and is mostly dumped or deep<br />
buried.<br />
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