Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health

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Matching the objectives of the forum to address the environmental health issues in the countries six thematic working groups (TWGs) were formulated among the interested countries. The TWGs were set on the areas directly threatening most Asian countries: Air Quality Water Supply, Hygiene and Sanitation Solid and Hazardous Waste Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Substances Climate and Ecosystem Changes Environmental Health Emergencies Countries of the Regional Forum on Environment and Health Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Indonesia Japan Korea Lao PDR Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Regional and International Partners Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand Curtin University, Australia International Lake Environment Committee Foundation, Japan Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan Pacific Basin Consortium for Environment & Health Sciences, USA United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific United Nations Environment Programme - Division of Technology, Industry and Economics - International Environmental Technology Centre UNEP Regional Office for Asia and Pacific UNEP Regional Resource Centre for Asia Pacific World Health Organization, - South-East Asia Regional Office - Western Pacific Regional Office 5 HEALTHCARE WASTE IN ASIA: INTUITIONS & INSIGHTS
THEMATIC WORKING GROUP ON SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE Waste management has always been a compounding issue faced by local and national governments of all Asian countries, regardless of their economic might. Both developed and developing countries are forced to tackle different issue at various stages of waste management. For example, Asian developing countries find difficulty in institutionalizing waste segregation and collection, while the developed ones, for example Singapore, find difficulty in disposing the waste after proper collection owing to limited land. Other issues that threaten these countries arise in the forms of drastic increase in waste volumes, regional difference in waste composition, illegal movement of waste resulting in transboundary issues and lack of legal and financial mechanisms for the proper implementation of waste management programs. Leaving aside the threats, disposal of the waste as such has been an issue and in many developing countries in Asia, open dumping is the most preferred and prevalent method for disposal often leading to environmental problems such as water contamination, air pollution, odour problems, health impacts, and hygiene issues. In addition, heavy metal contamination, increase of hazardous substances in industrial waste, mixing of infectious waste with municipal waste, and environmental burden and health problems derived from inappropriate treatment of ewaste have been significant and emerging issues to be tackled both at the regional and national level in the continent. Taking into account the multidimensional issues originating from solid and hazardous waste, the Thematic Working Group on Solid and Hazardous Waste (TWGSHW) is assigned to work towards addressing municipal solid waste and medical waste issues. The TWGSHW works in closely with the CHAPTER 1_INTRODUCTION environment and health ministries of Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The TWGSHW functions with the objectives of, 1. Ensuring environmentally sound management of solid and hazardous waste, in particular municipal waste and medical waste, and to promote the 3Rs in Southeast and East Asian countries 2. Prioritizing issues by analyzing status-quo of municipal waste and medical waste management in the member countries 3. Providing useful information to raise policymakers’ awareness on the importance of, to increase investment addressing to, and to mobilize bilateral and multilateral assistance for the importance of linkages between waste and health. Though tasked with broader objectives of ensuring appropriate management of solid and hazardous waste in its member countries, the TWGSHW first focused on the management of healthcare waste (also colloquially known as medical waste and often interchangeably used) owing to its toxicity, hazardous nature and rapidly growing volumes. Often healthcare waste is referred to as the rapidly growing priority waste streams in many countries and is mostly mishandled due to lack of knowledge and awareness on the waste itself. Moreover, when providing reasonable healthcare is itself an issue for many developing Asian country governments, appropriately addressing healthcare waste appears to be too ambitious. However, proper handling of healthcare waste cannot be neglected citing any reason and it is rational to introduce appropriate healthcare waste management while the healthcare system is itself being built. With this background this reports elucidates the fundamentals of healthcare waste management and discuses the current situation in the member countries of TWGSHW. 6
Page 1 and 2: HEALTHCARE WASTE in asia INTUITIONS
Page 4 and 5: This is the second draft of the rep
Page 6 and 7: Markedly, this report a milestone p
Page 8 and 9: More importantly, no report, compre
Page 10 and 11: The Chapter on Global Experiences a
Page 12 and 13: EPBs European Polar Boards EPCA Env
Page 14 and 15: SEPA State Environment Protection A
Page 16: 1INTRODUCTION
Page 19: REGIONAL FORUM ON ENVIRONMENT AND H
Page 23 and 24: Commonly used HCW Symbols Caution S
Page 25 and 26: Points to Ponder for Safe Healthcar
Page 28 and 29: GENESIS OF THE REPORT This section
Page 30 and 31: Representative Departments to the 1
Page 32: 3COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Page 35 and 36: CAMBODIA 1 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
Page 37 and 38: Treatment and Disposal Pit for disp
Page 39 and 40: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION With the o
Page 41 and 42: CHINA 2 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
Page 43 and 44: In China, packaging bags and contai
Page 45 and 46: Institutional Setup Governing Healt
Page 47 and 48: Policies and Regulations Governing
Page 49 and 50: INDONESIA 3 Classification of Healt
Page 51 and 52: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The missio
Page 53 and 54: JAPAN 4 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
Page 55 and 56: Treatment and Disposal Hospitals an
Page 57 and 58: Local Government: Local governments
Page 59 and 60: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The Waste
Page 61 and 62: LAOS 5 Composition of Healthcare Wa
Page 63 and 64: Healthcare Waste Management in Lao
Page 65 and 66: MALAYSIA 6 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
Page 67 and 68: Treatment and Disposal All healthca
Page 69 and 70: Institutional Setup Governing Healt
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The Private Healthcare Facilities a
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MONGOLIA 7 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Composition of Healthcare Waste in
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Treatment and Disposal Most healthc
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The Health Sector Master Plan Imple
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MYANMAR 8 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Governme
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INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL INITIATI
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PHILIPPINES 9 There were about 70 h
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Annual Profile of Hazardous and Hea
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Joint Ad
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION RA 6969:
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SINGAPORE 10 Hospital Care: Singapo
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Pharmaceutical wastes are further c
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top and middle: Transportation of h
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The collec
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THAILAND 11 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCAR
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The princi
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VIETNAM 12 Healthcare Facilities in
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Composition of Healthcare Waste Gen
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Healthcare Waste and Methods of Tre
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Ministry of Science, Technology and
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Description Guidelines on healthcar
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Description/Project Information Dev
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INTRODUCTION Procedures and systems
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All waste generated in a healthcare
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Health Risks from Healthcare Waste
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Box below presents information on h
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Italy An Italian Hospital located i
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Bio Medical Waste (Management & Han
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IFC REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHCARE PRO
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Transport to External Facilities Tr
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5RECOMMENDATIONS
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Guidelines for appropriate healthca
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The proceeds from the sale of recyc
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ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS Managing the v
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Stakeholder Group Role in Healthcar
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Key Areas for Immediate Action BUDG
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REFERENCES Appleton, J. and Ali, M.
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SBC, (2003) Technical Guidelines on
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INTRODUCTION In the early 1990s, wh
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What are the other Steam Based Syst
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Low-Heat Technologies MICROWAVE SYS
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DRY HEATING What is a dry heating s
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PYROLYSIS-OXIDATION What is a pyrol
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IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGIES What is ir
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Korea Healthcare Waste in Asia: Int
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Healthcare Waste in Asia: Intuition
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Alarming increases in resource cons
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Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health

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