Healthcare Waste Report - Environment Health

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This is the second draft of the report and intended only for internal review and closed group discussion by the members of the Regional Forum on Environment and Health during its meeting, strictly not for external circulation and citation. Inputs and comments for improving the content and coverage of the book may kindly be addressed to rrrkh@ait.ac.th (or) visu@ait.ac.th
FOREWORD The risks associated with healthcare waste, and the contemporary management system, have gained attention across the world in various events, local and international forums and summits. The need for proper healthcare waste management is gaining recognition slowly due to the substantial disease burdens associated with poor practices, including exposure to infectious agents and toxic substances. Despite the magnitude of the health problem, capacities and policy approaches in many countries, especially developing nations, in dealing with environmental health problems are inadequate and require intensification. Realizing the need for safer management measures and eventually reversing the trend of environmental degradation and its negative impact on health, the “Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian Countries” was formed in 2007 with attendance of Environment and Health Ministers. Thematic Working Groups were created on six priority areas; one among them is on Solid and Hazardous Waste. The TWGSHW picked up medical waste and municipal waste as the target wastes during 2007/08-2009/10. 3R being a revelation and a striking strategic solution for the waste crisis, the 3R Knowledge Hub shortly, 3RKH was established under the patronage of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as an adjunct venture sustaining the 3R Initiative which was initiated by the G8 countries and then promoted by many developed and developing countries. The 3RKH is jointly hosted by the Asian Institute of Technology and the United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific in collaboration with United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. The 3RKH functions with specific objectives on expansion of 3R knowledge on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Healthcare Waste (HCW) and E-waste and disseminating it to wider audience. The 3RKH and TWGSHW being on similar platforms of acquiring information on HCW, the assignment of preparing a Healthcare Waste status report was delegated to 3RKH. The study on healthcare waste was consequently, initiated by 3RKH with the support from ADB and TWGSHW and financial aid from Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ). This report titled “Healthcare Waste in Asia: Intuitions & Insights” presented now is the outcome of the study. i
Page 1 and 2: HEALTHCARE WASTE in asia INTUITIONS
Page 6 and 7: Markedly, this report a milestone p
Page 8 and 9: More importantly, no report, compre
Page 10 and 11: The Chapter on Global Experiences a
Page 12 and 13: EPBs European Polar Boards EPCA Env
Page 14 and 15: SEPA State Environment Protection A
Page 16: 1INTRODUCTION
Page 19 and 20: REGIONAL FORUM ON ENVIRONMENT AND H
Page 21 and 22: THEMATIC WORKING GROUP ON SOLID AND
Page 23 and 24: Commonly used HCW Symbols Caution S
Page 25 and 26: Points to Ponder for Safe Healthcar
Page 28 and 29: GENESIS OF THE REPORT This section
Page 30 and 31: Representative Departments to the 1
Page 32: 3COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Page 35 and 36: CAMBODIA 1 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
Page 37 and 38: Treatment and Disposal Pit for disp
Page 39 and 40: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION With the o
Page 41 and 42: CHINA 2 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
Page 43 and 44: In China, packaging bags and contai
Page 45 and 46: Institutional Setup Governing Healt
Page 47 and 48: Policies and Regulations Governing
Page 49 and 50: INDONESIA 3 Classification of Healt
Page 51 and 52: POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The missio
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JAPAN 4 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WA
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Treatment and Disposal Hospitals an
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Local Government: Local governments
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The Waste
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LAOS 5 Composition of Healthcare Wa
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Healthcare Waste Management in Lao
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MALAYSIA 6 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Treatment and Disposal All healthca
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Institutional Setup Governing Healt
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The Private Healthcare Facilities a
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MONGOLIA 7 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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Composition of Healthcare Waste in
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Treatment and Disposal Most healthc
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The Health Sector Master Plan Imple
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MYANMAR 8 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Governme
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INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL INITIATI
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PHILIPPINES 9 There were about 70 h
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Annual Profile of Hazardous and Hea
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS The Joint Ad
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION RA 6969:
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SINGAPORE 10 Hospital Care: Singapo
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Pharmaceutical wastes are further c
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top and middle: Transportation of h
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The collec
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THAILAND 11 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCAR
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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions
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POLICIES AND LEGISLATION The princi
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VIETNAM 12 Healthcare Facilities in
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Composition of Healthcare Waste Gen
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Healthcare Waste and Methods of Tre
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Ministry of Science, Technology and
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Description Guidelines on healthcar
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Description/Project Information Dev
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INTRODUCTION Procedures and systems
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All waste generated in a healthcare
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Health Risks from Healthcare Waste
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Box below presents information on h
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Italy An Italian Hospital located i
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Bio Medical Waste (Management & Han
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IFC REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHCARE PRO
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Transport to External Facilities Tr
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5RECOMMENDATIONS
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Guidelines for appropriate healthca
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The proceeds from the sale of recyc
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ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS Managing the v
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Stakeholder Group Role in Healthcar
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Key Areas for Immediate Action BUDG
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REFERENCES Appleton, J. and Ali, M.
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SBC, (2003) Technical Guidelines on
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INTRODUCTION In the early 1990s, wh
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What are the other Steam Based Syst
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Low-Heat Technologies MICROWAVE SYS
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DRY HEATING What is a dry heating s
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PYROLYSIS-OXIDATION What is a pyrol
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IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGIES What is ir
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Korea Healthcare Waste in Asia: Int
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Healthcare Waste in Asia: Intuition
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Alarming increases in resource cons
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