Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor
Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor
Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor
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Figure 5 ITS vehicle –<br />
Infrastructure communications<br />
based on CALM<br />
Figure 6 Sample in-vehicle<br />
implementations with<br />
CALM, and other communication<br />
interfaces (UTRA<br />
will be added in future)<br />
26<br />
Vehicle Computer<br />
ITS Applications<br />
CME<br />
VC<br />
and<br />
NME<br />
CALM<br />
network<br />
IVN DLL<br />
IVN PHY<br />
Vehicle computer<br />
CME<br />
RESOURCE<br />
MANAGER<br />
ISO 14906<br />
Application<br />
Interfac<br />
ISO 15628<br />
CME<br />
OBU<br />
SAP<br />
NME<br />
SAP<br />
MLME<br />
PLCP<br />
PLME<br />
SAP<br />
SAP<br />
Network<br />
IVN DLL<br />
IVN PHY<br />
CALM OBU<br />
Routing<br />
Network<br />
CALM LLC<br />
CALM MAC<br />
MS PHY<br />
been strengthened. Note that in this figure, the<br />
range is up to 1000 metres (from access points).<br />
The concept of CALM in the vehicle is relatively<br />
simple. The car manufacturers (or OEMs)<br />
have their own data buses in the vehicle. The<br />
different media boxes are connected to this bus,<br />
and one or more computers that use the media<br />
are also connected. One interesting aspect is the<br />
connection to the engine/traction control networks.<br />
This means that the ITS functions can get<br />
hold of information about road traction/tempera-<br />
ITS INTERNET<br />
APPLICATION<br />
Socket<br />
TCP/UDP<br />
CALM routing<br />
CALM NTWORK LAYER$FMIPv6<br />
Vehiclevehicle<br />
Application<br />
PACKET<br />
HOP<br />
(RUDP)<br />
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER<br />
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER<br />
ITS In-Vehicle Network<br />
CALM OBU<br />
Network<br />
IVN LLC<br />
IVN PHY<br />
Network<br />
CALM LLC<br />
CALM MAC<br />
CALM BASE<br />
STATION<br />
Infrastruct Server<br />
ITS Applications<br />
3) Figures 4, 6 and 7 were presented by Knut Evensen at The ITS World Conference, Chicago in October 2002. Figure 4 is rendered here in an updated<br />
version. Figure 5 was presented at ITS America’s annual meeting, April 2002.<br />
CME<br />
BS<br />
Routing<br />
SAP<br />
NME<br />
Network Network<br />
SAP<br />
SAP<br />
CALM LLC Fixed<br />
network<br />
MLME CALM MAC DLL<br />
PLCP SAP<br />
PLME MS PHY<br />
Fixed net<br />
PHY<br />
CALM routing<br />
GPRS<br />
Convergence<br />
DSRG<br />
Convergence<br />
CME<br />
IS<br />
and<br />
NME<br />
Network Network Network<br />
GPS<br />
Convergence<br />
GPRS Stack DSRG L2/L7 GPS Stack<br />
CALM M5 PHY GPRS PHY DSRG L1 GPS PHY<br />
CALM<br />
Network<br />
Fixed<br />
network<br />
DLL<br />
Fixed net<br />
PHY<br />
ture and other safety info to broadcast to approaching<br />
vehicles. It also means that car manufacturers<br />
may have service access to the systems<br />
on-board, for instance to check the status or to<br />
download new firmware revisions to the onboard<br />
computers.<br />
Figure 5 illustrates the protocol hierarchy in the<br />
CALM-Vehicle infrastructure. Please note that<br />
direct peer-to-peer communications between<br />
vehicles also should be possible.<br />
Figure 6 illustrates a sample physical implementation<br />
of the communications. Note that in this<br />
case there may be several parallel communication<br />
parts. 3)<br />
5 Conclusion<br />
Although it is still “early dawn” in the age of<br />
ITS, there are already many success stories:<br />
• Improved, more efficient public bus systems in<br />
London, Bologna, Flanders, Barcelona, Brussels,<br />
Geneva, Rouen, Madrid, Hampshire [7];<br />
• Advanced travellers’ information systems – to<br />
drivers in France, England and Scotland, Germany<br />
and others countries [8];<br />
Combined Antenna Pad<br />
CME<br />
NME<br />
MLME<br />
PLCP/<br />
PLME<br />
Telektronikk 1.2003