Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor

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44 and dedicated terminals for MOBITEX are still launched, e.g. for mobile Internet browsing in Canada, mobile POS (Point Of Sales) in Korea, parcel tracing in the USA, car thieves tracking in England, taxi fleet management in Singapore, and bus information systems in Paris. 1) The Norwegian MOBITEX Trials There was a close cooperation between these telcos through MOA as to both technical standards, market and applications development, and as to getting third parties involved in service application development. It was clearly understood that such development could advantageously be carried out in cooperation within MOA to help the market develop. Application areas of MOBITEX were thought to be next to limitless, with fleet management, information dispatch, and telemetry in the focal point. Market research carried out by the Institute of Transport Economics (TØI) for the Televerket within the goods transport sector strongly indicated that the transport business was very inefficient, with only 15 – 20 % capacity use due to sub-optimal routing. Thus, product development within mobile data communication for traffic was considered to be of high value for the transport business, the service providers, as well as for society as a whole. It seemed well suited to address real needs, thereby creating a market. The Norwegian MOBITEX trials involved a host of third parties – in all somewhat 30 partners – and to build experimental applications on contract for the around 50 end-users, or to seek business on their own or in cooperation with their fellow partners. 2) In some instances the test applications were converted into lasting applications and business both within and outside of Televerket was created: • A major hospital and rescue centers was involved in testing out info handling to/from mobile units in emergency operations. This involved info for better coordination of rescue operations, as well as the transmission of patients’ personal data from hospital to the ambulances and the patients’ emergency status from the ambulance to the hospital while underway to the hospital. • A fire brigade was involved in trials with invehicle reception of info on addresses and buildings before arrival on emergency site. • A range of goods, messaging and mail distribution companies were involved in fleet management trials; i.e. involving transmission of orders and task completion confirmations between command centers and drivers. • Public transport companies were involved in fleet management systems and traffic information systems for operators as well as for passengers. • Local public utility services in Oslo (water and sewage) were involved in telemetry – remote reading of various measurement equipment, e.g. for water levels and flow. • Softdrink vending machines were developed to communicate their needs to be refilled by sending a notice to the operator when stock fell below a set number. The application was in full operation by 1992. (In 2001 it was reinvented with much publicity as a GSM service.) • Surveillance of armoured transports of valuables was tested out in cooperation with a bank and a guard service company. • Televerket itself tested job dispatch within field services, and identified large efficiency potentials. The study later formed the basis for a profound reorganisation of the field service. • Alarm companies were involved in testing alarms at remote sites without access to fixed lines, like alarms for water levels, car or boat thefts, etc. At the time, such communication mostly had the form of text messages distributed from control centers to in-vehicle printers or displays. Although primitive compared to today’s graphic user interfaces, the applications were advanced, and are still central in application portfolios within all the areas listed. Contemporary press was stunned by the achievements of modern telecommunications. 3) Costs and Benefits At the time the MOBITEX trials started, the Norwegian Televerket, as well as most telcos, was a governmental non-competitive body serving social goals politically defined. Financing of market development projects was not decided on business economic criteria only. It was the “Zeit- 1) See http://www.ericsson.com/network_operators/mobitex/case.shtml for examples. 2) Among others: Ullevål sykehus, Transportsentralen, TollpostGlobe, Posten, Fact, Coca Cola Norway, regional rescue centers, alarm service suppliers, Securitas, Kreditkassen, Oslo local administration (water utilities), 3) A range of studies document the work, and new income streams from mobile data were created. MOA issued a paper (“MOA news”) about its activities. We have not entered into such search for sources. Telektronikk 1.2003
geist”; i.e. it was commonly understood and found reasonable to expect, that such infrastructure and service development would be financed by Televerket and other public bodies for the benefit of society at large, and carried out in close cooperation with the in-house research institute, equipment vendors, and user interest groups. Accordingly, the project management of the MOBITEX trials, as well as the telco share, were 100 % financed by Televerket itself as a governmental institution. It was led and carried out through the in-house Radio department, later to become the business unit of Telenor Mobile Communications, and the in-house research institute (now Telenor R&D). The partnering companies and institutions would carry their own costs, alternatively get financing from other sources – or even support from Televerket. But deployment projects were increasingly subject to cost/benefit analyses. The MOBITEX roll out business plans were at the agenda at the corporate top management several times before they were, as mentioned, turned down for economic reasons. We take for granted that the balance sheets for the investments made in the MOBITEX application trials are lost in the mist of history: As a public service, Telenor at that time was not set up for accounting on costs and benefits of such initiatives in any consolidated way, scattered as they were around in the organisation. In addition, as the goals at the time were not just financial in any strict business economic sense, and the income of such initiatives only show up in the long run, even a rough assessment of the most direct business results from the MOBITEX activities in the period 1980 – 1994 seems impossible and nonsensical. However, the MOBITEX projects created an arena of users as well as of service providers for ITS and other mobile applications. The extensive network of users and business partners later constituted an important constituency as ITS application building for the GSM network finally began. Televerket’s engagement in mobile datacom was in this respect a kind of “learning option”: an investment in competence building within a field that could later turn out to become important business. Similarly it may be argued that a substantial benefit of the MOBITEX trials was that the management accumulated the experience and market understanding necessary to halt MOBI- TEX deployment. The halt of the MOBITEX deployment led to a loss of momentum. But new initiatives soon took over, based on the experience gained. Telektronikk 1.2003 Electronic Maps – a New Platform for ITS Services, 1995 – 1997 A “Transport Demonstrator” Named ELVEG As one could see from the MOBITEX trials, information related to geography, whether constant or dynamic, played an essential role in the applications. Together with optimation models, such geographic information would form various kinds of applications of huge commercial as well as societal interest, like • Fleet management systems for distributors of goods; • Support info systems for emergency services and crisis management; • Navigation systems for individual route planning and real time position tracking. A basis for such application development would have to be a database on roads and other geographical information, i.e. a digital road map, to which relevant information – like information on adjacent buildings – could be added, or extracted in various formats – like textual reports, maps, or other. Such information could then be stored in “layers” for specific information sets, and switched on or off, just like in CAD applications. For navigation or fleet management, some kind of optimation engine would then be needed to figure out the smartest route. The dream of making such applications available commercially and distributed, was not new. It was a shared dream within traffic planning, research, government, as well as commerce. As mentioned previously, research in Norway and elsewhere indicated a huge potential for savings. The news was that the telco now had a network that could handle dynamic information dispatch even to mobile units, and a community of test users established through previous initiatives. Not least, the IT business now had affordable hardware in which such systems could be embedded. In 1995, Telenor took the initiative – in close cooperation with the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, the Norwegian Mapping Authority – to establish a three year pilot project to develop a “transport information demonstrator”, named “the ELVEG project”. It was to consist of an electronic road map, some applications based on the road map data, a system description, and an organisational setup for the establishment of such application services on a commercial basis. The Research Council of Norway contributed approx. 7 MNOK (mill NOK). Telenor’s share 45
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Page 4 and 5: Jan A Audestad (61) is Senior Advis
Page 6 and 7: Figure 1 Example of MEMS 4 Therefor
Page 8 and 9: 6 Sensor Figure 3 Road with electro
Page 10 and 11: 8 Token to be trusted TTP operator
Page 12 and 13: 10 Road telematics also represents
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1 Mainstream taxonomy of ITS
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Page 24 and 25: Table 1 European Architecture Proje
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Page 28 and 29: Figure 5 ITS vehicle - Infrastructu
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Page 38 and 39: Haruo Ozaki (44) is an associate pr
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Page 42 and 43: 40 References 1 VICS Center. Februa
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Page 62 and 63: Figure 1 A user informing other use
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Figure 5 Vehicle on Cardiff test tr
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Erik Fenstad (34) is Strategy Advis
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Dag Sanne obtained his BCom from th
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Einar Utvik (62) worked in Televerk
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Elected Council members Elected Cou
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Ingunn Yssen, Senior Gender Adviser
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Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor

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