Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 5 ITS vehicle – Infrastructure communications based on CALM Figure 6 Sample in-vehicle implementations with CALM, and other communication interfaces (UTRA will be added in future) 26 Vehicle Computer ITS Applications CME VC and NME CALM network IVN DLL IVN PHY Vehicle computer CME RESOURCE MANAGER ISO 14906 Application Interfac ISO 15628 CME OBU SAP NME SAP MLME PLCP PLME SAP SAP Network IVN DLL IVN PHY CALM OBU Routing Network CALM LLC CALM MAC MS PHY been strengthened. Note that in this figure, the range is up to 1000 metres (from access points). The concept of CALM in the vehicle is relatively simple. The car manufacturers (or OEMs) have their own data buses in the vehicle. The different media boxes are connected to this bus, and one or more computers that use the media are also connected. One interesting aspect is the connection to the engine/traction control networks. This means that the ITS functions can get hold of information about road traction/tempera- ITS INTERNET APPLICATION Socket TCP/UDP CALM routing CALM NTWORK LAYER$FMIPv6 Vehiclevehicle Application PACKET HOP (RUDP) IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER ITS In-Vehicle Network CALM OBU Network IVN LLC IVN PHY Network CALM LLC CALM MAC CALM BASE STATION Infrastruct Server ITS Applications 3) Figures 4, 6 and 7 were presented by Knut Evensen at The ITS World Conference, Chicago in October 2002. Figure 4 is rendered here in an updated version. Figure 5 was presented at ITS America’s annual meeting, April 2002. CME BS Routing SAP NME Network Network SAP SAP CALM LLC Fixed network MLME CALM MAC DLL PLCP SAP PLME MS PHY Fixed net PHY CALM routing GPRS Convergence DSRG Convergence CME IS and NME Network Network Network GPS Convergence GPRS Stack DSRG L2/L7 GPS Stack CALM M5 PHY GPRS PHY DSRG L1 GPS PHY CALM Network Fixed network DLL Fixed net PHY ture and other safety info to broadcast to approaching vehicles. It also means that car manufacturers may have service access to the systems on-board, for instance to check the status or to download new firmware revisions to the onboard computers. Figure 5 illustrates the protocol hierarchy in the CALM-Vehicle infrastructure. Please note that direct peer-to-peer communications between vehicles also should be possible. Figure 6 illustrates a sample physical implementation of the communications. Note that in this case there may be several parallel communication parts. 3) 5 Conclusion Although it is still “early dawn” in the age of ITS, there are already many success stories: • Improved, more efficient public bus systems in London, Bologna, Flanders, Barcelona, Brussels, Geneva, Rouen, Madrid, Hampshire [7]; • Advanced travellers’ information systems – to drivers in France, England and Scotland, Germany and others countries [8]; Combined Antenna Pad CME NME MLME PLCP/ PLME Telektronikk 1.2003
• Traffic surveillance and control systems, also utilised to control pollution; • TR4005 COMETA – COMmercial vehicle Electronic and Telematic Architecture – A common ITS framework for Freight and Fleet management in Europe [9]. And not to forget a Norwegian success story: • The AutoPASS tolling system owned by the Norwegian Public Roads Authority. Although the system is primarily intended for road tolling, it also forms a platform for an advanced national ITS architecture. So the bundling of computers, communications and physical transport is here to stay. It is too early to make specific assumptions about potential new and innovative transport schemes, but the area represents many possibilities both for improving the environment and – for doing business. What is clear, though, is that these services demand a telecommunication infrastructure, which should service the control and monitoring of road environment, traffic and weather, and also to an increasing extent wireless access. Hence, it would be quite natural to look into schemes that somehow establish common “information highways” along the main roads in order to satisfy such demands, combining the best features of ITS and (short to medium range, high capacity) wireless communications. In most countries, however, public authorities (like the state, county or city) own the roadways, whereas private enterprises serve the telecom business. Hence this version of “information highways” is not likely to be implemented on a large scale very soon. In areas where private enterprises influence the process, commercial pressures may drive the process faster (Build-operate-transfer and Public-Private Partnerships). There is a quest for a “killer application” for these new services. What it will be, is still not clear, but three areas are promising: • The first one may be safety. With the vast number of fatal accidents only in the EU area, even a small percentage of saved lives will defend the results from a socio-economic viewpoint. People are also willing to pay for safety, and history shows that a safety option will become the default in vehicles within a couple of years. (Think about safety belts, air bags, anti blocking brakes and so on.) • The second likely candidate to get these architectures going is Internet access in vehicles. Ubiquitous access to the network now has become a requirement; the public will not Telektronikk 1.2003 accept lower service in their vehicles than elsewhere. • The third option is the one most often quoted: Electronic Fee Collection. Payment services are already very widespread in many countries, and the type of communication interfaces and infrastructure that EFC is using can easily be applied for other services as well. The Norwegian AutoPASS system delivered by Q-Free is a good example of this, since the system from the outset was planned for many ITS applications. References 1 FRAME, Forum for the European ITS Framework Architecture . February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www.frame-online.net/. This site also contains links to various national projects (choose “links”). 2 The Norwegian ARKTRANS project. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www. informatics.sintef.no/projects/arktrans/ arktransweb/ 3 Themis. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://themis-network.org/ 4 WATERMAN-TS. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www.waterman-ts.net/. 5 National ITS Architecture. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://itsarch.iteris. com/itsarch/. Executive summary, URL: http://itsarch.iteris.com/itsarch/html/menu/ documents.htm 6 NetworkWorldFusion. Comdex – Wireless LAN-enabled cars. April 25, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www.nwfusion.com/ news/2001/1113wlancx.html. (More recent entries can be found on the web by search using “InfoFueling” as search string.) 7 Automatic Bus Depot Management (Bologna, Italy). February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www.ertico.com/its_basi/ succstor/automat.htm Countdown – Real-time Bus Stop Information (London, UK). February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http://www.ertico.com/ its_basi/succstor/countdow.htm 8 European success stories. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: www.ertico.com/its_basi/ succstor/success.htm 9 TR4005 COMETA – COMmercial vehicle Electronic and Telematic Architecture. February 18, 2003 [online] – URL: http:// www.cometa-project.com/uk/ ukproj0c.htm 27
Page 2 and 3: Telektronikk Volume 99 No. 1 - 2003
Page 4 and 5: Jan A Audestad (61) is Senior Advis
Page 6 and 7: Figure 1 Example of MEMS 4 Therefor
Page 8 and 9: 6 Sensor Figure 3 Road with electro
Page 10 and 11: 8 Token to be trusted TTP operator
Page 12 and 13: 10 Road telematics also represents
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1 Mainstream taxonomy of ITS
Page 16 and 17: 14 may be fields where absolute con
Page 18 and 19: Figure 2 Development of passengers
Page 20 and 21: 18 presently being ported. (The way
Page 22 and 23: 20 tion, including intermodal and m
Page 24 and 25: Table 1 European Architecture Proje
Page 26 and 27: CALM system Management Entity (CME)
Page 30 and 31: Tore Arthur Worren (53) graduated f
Page 32 and 33: Tore Urnes (34) is Senior Research
Page 34 and 35: 32 traffic (e.g. due to an accident
Page 36 and 37: 34 prior to designing and deploying
Page 38 and 39: Haruo Ozaki (44) is an associate pr
Page 40 and 41: Number of subscriber 38 80 70 60 50
Page 42 and 43: 40 References 1 VICS Center. Februa
Page 44 and 45: 42 yourself!” were commonplace un
Page 46 and 47: 44 and dedicated terminals for MOBI
Page 48 and 49: 46 Map info registration Road datab
Page 50 and 51: Figure 4 Yellow pages with travel p
Page 52 and 53: 50 streamline the entry, maintenanc
Page 54 and 55: 52 form ensures the 3rd party servi
Page 56 and 57: Figure 7 Travel information site wi
Page 58 and 59: 56 ticular regard to movement and v
Page 60 and 61: 58 wide TETRA closed mobile radio n
Page 62 and 63: Figure 1 A user informing other use
Page 64 and 65: 62 Initiator Edit group list Peer g
Page 66 and 67: Figure 13 Overview of class diagram
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18 State diagram for ITSClie
Page 70 and 71: Figure 23 Sequence diagram for addi
Page 72 and 73: 70 :ITSClient :NetworkClient :Datab
Page 74 and 75: 72 Scenario 1: Jane travels through
Page 76 and 77: Nina Myren (37) is studying Media S
Page 78 and 79:
Figure 3 Example of architecture 76
Page 80 and 81:
Hilde Lovett (38) is Senior Researc
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 2 Toys illustrating a stress
Page 84 and 85:
82 2 “Safety and efficiency in th
Page 86 and 87:
Nina Myren (37) is studying Media S
Page 88 and 89:
86 of interest, stores and places a
Page 90 and 91:
88 oping the service with regard to
Page 92 and 93:
Einar Flydal (53) is Senior Adviser
Page 94 and 95:
Table 1 European cities with census
Page 96 and 97:
94 tion at peak periods have shown
Page 98 and 99:
Table 2 Financial and economic comp
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 5 Vehicle on Cardiff test tr
Page 102 and 103:
100 gest that 25 - 30 % of current
Page 104 and 105:
Erik Fenstad (34) is Strategy Advis
Page 106 and 107:
Dag Sanne obtained his BCom from th
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 6 Some examples from the dev
Page 110 and 111:
J. Edward Anderson is Chairman, Pre
Page 112 and 113:
110 emergency braking deceleration,
Page 114 and 115:
112 not yet available, it is comman
Page 116 and 117:
114 nals to the central computer vi
Page 118 and 119:
116 11 Irving, J H et al. Fundament
Page 120 and 121:
118 on IP technology and implemente
Page 122 and 123:
120 Conclusion The “circuit switc
Page 124 and 125:
122 Telektronikk 1.2003
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 1 Network configuration Figu
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 5 Interconnection of network
Page 130 and 131:
128 • Smart dust about one cubic
Page 132 and 133:
3) The invariant part of the virus
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 6 Access control 132 Initiat
Page 136 and 137:
134 In order to obtain a high level
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Einar Utvik (62) worked in Televerk
Page 142 and 143:
140 Norwegian delegation to PP-02 M
Page 144 and 145:
Elected Council members Elected Cou
Page 146 and 147:
144 four-year period in the context
Page 148 and 149:
146 an active role to play in coord
Page 150 and 151:
148 of candidatures for the elected
Page 152 and 153:
Ingunn Yssen, Senior Gender Adviser
Page 154 and 155:
152 5.19.2 Agenda for Connectivity
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
156 MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Sy
Page 160 and 161:
158 LRT Light Rail Transit Light Ra
show all

Intelligent Transport Systems - Telenor

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?