GAMMON INDIA LIMITED
GAMMON INDIA LIMITED
GAMMON INDIA LIMITED
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RISK FACTORS<br />
An investment in equity shares involves a degree of risk. You should carefully consider all the information<br />
in this Placement Document, including the risks and uncertainties described below and the information<br />
under “Forward-Looking Statements”, before making an investment in the Equity Shares. If the following<br />
risks actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer, and the price<br />
of the Equity Shares and the value of your investment in the Equity Shares could decline. Unless specified<br />
or quantified in the risk factors below, we are not in a position to quantify the financial implications of any<br />
of the risks mentioned below. Additional risks not described below or not currently known to us or that we<br />
currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect the market price of our Equity Shares.<br />
Risks Related to Our EPC and Construction Business<br />
Our EPC and construction business is exposed to risks associated with cost overruns or underestimations<br />
in our fixed price, turnkey and item rate contracts.<br />
While a majority of our contracts contain a price escalation clause, some of our contracts are fixed-price<br />
contracts. In the case of turnkey contracts, we generally agree to deliver completed facilities which are in a<br />
ready-to-operate condition. Our contracts may lack provisions relating to adjustment as a result of change in<br />
material and labor costs. Contract prices are based on a number of assumptions underlying our bids for such<br />
contracts as well as the competition we face while bidding for the projects. If any of these estimates prove<br />
to be inaccurate, or circumstances change, cost overruns could occur and we would experience reduced<br />
profits or, in some cases, losses. In addition to any incorrect estimates as a result of incorrect internal<br />
projections, variations in the costs from those estimated by us could be caused by various factors, including:<br />
changes in economic conditions;<br />
increases in the price and availability of labor, equipment and materials;<br />
failure in the supply of materials, services and finished goods from third parties;<br />
unanticipated changes in engineering design of the project;<br />
inaccuracies of drawings and technical information on which bids were based;<br />
unforeseen design and engineering construction conditions, site and geological conditions, which<br />
may result in delays;<br />
inability to obtain requisite environmental and other approvals;<br />
delays in the delivery of equipment and materials to the project site;<br />
unanticipated increases in equipment costs;<br />
accidents at our project sites or in surrounding areas;<br />
changes in applicable taxation structure; and<br />
delays caused by local and seasonal weather conditions.<br />
Under item rate contracts, we quote rates for individual items of work based on a schedule of quantities or<br />
bill of quantity (“BOQ”), which is furnished by our customers. The BOQ is an estimate of the quantity of<br />
activities involved and these quantities may be varied by the parties during the course of the project, without<br />
any corresponding change in consideration.<br />
These factors could adversely affect our profitability on the affected contracts, and may result in reduced<br />
profitability or losses on our projects. Depending on the size of such projects, the resulting deviation from<br />
estimated contract performance could have a significant effect on our results of operations.<br />
Our EPC and construction business requires a considerable amount of working capital as well as<br />
investment in plant and equipment and we may be unable to adequately finance such capital needs<br />
through cash generated from our operations, advances from the clients and short-term bank borrowings.<br />
Our EPC and construction business requires a considerable amount of working capital to build, maintain<br />
and operate. We also require considerable capital to acquire new equipment and implement new<br />
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