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Copyright Bruce Nixon 2010. All rights reserved. This electronic copy is provided free for personal, non-commercial use only. www.brucenixon.com peace agreement being signed. The root causes have to be addressed and local people and leaders involved who are trusted and really understand the issues. Peace Direct want to change the world by changing the balance of power and resources between local people and outsiders so that local peace-building is central to all strategies for managing conflict. They believe local individuals and organisations have knowledge and social capital which outsiders cannot access, and which are essential to achieving lasting peace. They maintain and provide the evidence that if local initiatives are adequately funded, prospects for peace will increase and peace-building be done more cost effectively. So Peace Direct needs to work with others to: fund local peace-building demonstrate the effectiveness of local peace-building make it easy for people to find out what local peace-building initiatives exist increase our knowledge about how ‘outsiders’ can work effectively with ‘local initiatives’ get the public on board build coalitions of local peace-builders in conflict areas which can have greater strategic impact Peace Direct are working in Sudan, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Nepal, Afghanistan, DR Congo, Somalia, Kenya, Columbia and Newham, East London. You can sign up for their regular monthly newsletter and provide donations as its resources are extremely stretched. Responding to Conflict (RTC) is an independent peace-building organisation that has worked since 1991 to support people and organisations in transforming violent conflict and building lasting peace. They believe local people are best placed to find their own ways of dealing with conflict. RTC provide training and professional development and a variety of consultancy services in the fields of conflict assessment, conflict transformation strategies and methodologies, facilitation and mediation, and organisational development. They also design and manage long-term programmes and provide on-going support to their partners. RTC has established itself as a leader in the field of conflict transformation and has trained practitioners from more than 70 countries including those from some of the world’s most violent conflicts. They have provided specialist advice and consultancy services to the governments of the UK, Australia, Japan, the United Nations Development Programme, and leading International NGO's and charities such as Oxfam GB, Christian Aid, AGEH, Care International, CAFOD, the American Friends’ Service Committee and a variety of Red Cross national societies. RTC has designed and managed long-term programmes in the Middle East, the Balkans, East Africa and South East Asia. They are currently developing new programmes in Nepal, Kenya and the Middle East. Their handbook "Working with Conflict: Skills and Strategies for Action" is acknowledged as a key resource for practitioners, trainers and academics throughout the world and has been translated into 6 languages. They need support and you can learn from their newsletter. Unlock Democracy argues and campaigns for a vibrant, inclusive democracy that puts power in the hands of the people. In a fully functioning democracy, declaration of war is far less likely to occur. The decision to send troops into armed conflict is one of the most serious that any state can make. That this decision-making process is unaccountable and cannot be effectively scrutinised, is quite simply unacceptable. A short version 192
Copyright Bruce Nixon 2010. All rights reserved. This electronic copy is provided free for personal, non-commercial use only. www.brucenixon.com of Unlock Democracy’s “War Powers and Treaties Consultation”was provided in Chapter 11. To bring an end to war one of the most effective things you can do is to strengthen UK’s democracy through Unlock Democracy. An example of what works Kenya - a Citizens Agenda for Political Dialogue following the post 2007 Election Crisis in Kenya The following example shows the strength of citizens’ action. Although the conflicts in Kenya are not over, the following provides an example of how major violent conflict can be resolved, albeit not perfectly, as a result of an initiative by a citizens’ coalition. This initiative followed the atrocities and destruction committed after the disputed election in December 2007. A coalition was formed of Concerned Citizens for Peace, Kenya Private Sector Alliance, the National Council of NGOs, Peace and Development Network – Kenya, the Media Council of Kenya, Maendeleo ya Wanawake representing Partners for Peace, Federation of Kenyan Employers, the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, and the Kenya Association of Manufacturers among others. The coalition put forward an agenda which formed the basis of an agreement which ended violence. This is a shorter, edited version. A seven point citizens’ agenda for peace, truth and justice 1. Restoring peace, reconciliation and national healing initiatives. All actors to work cooperatively to bring an immediate end to the violence, enable peaceful political activity, actively engage in reconciling communities and encourage peace initiatives. 2. Trust and confidence building for the political players. Deliberate efforts need to be undertaken to rebuild trust and confidence between and among political players to enhance the capacity for dialogue and constructive engagement. 3. Election closure. The disputed presidential poll has to be brought to closure if Kenyans are to have faith in the electoral process. This will require some form of agreement on the final presidential poll. 4. Composition and duration of a Government of National Unity – a grand coalition or Government of National Unity will command a significant popular mandate and be well placed to set the pace for tackling some of the deeper issues that have led to the current crisis. 5. Priority agenda for the Government of National Unity – Key among the items to be included in the priority agenda include: Constituting a body to carry out a comprehensive review of the election process Constitutional reforms to address some of the deep-rooted issues Administrative and legal reform to address the weaknesses identified in the electoral process The return of internally displaced persons and reconstruction Priority initiatives to deliver equitable economic growth A comprehensive framework to address land issues An anti-corruption agenda and a robust, transparent Public Accountability frameworkEstablishing the truth of the allegations of all forms of ethnic cleansing and genocide by both PNU and ODM with a view to restitution and justice 6. The next Presidential and/or National Elections. The timing of the next Presidential and/ or National Elections should be agreed as part of the negotiated settlement. 7. Global agenda to restore international respectability. A global agenda shared with all stakeholders should be agreed to form part of efforts and reclaiming our pride of place among nations The two contestants formed a power sharing agreement. Mwai Kibaki’s Party of National Unity became President and Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic Movement became Prime Minister. This partnership 193
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