IATP Hog Report - Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy

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Section 3 PIGS.html 85 L'Hermite, P. (1993). Hygienic aspects of the production and use of effluents from livestock and agro-industry (X). Report of the Scientific Committee of the European Conference on Environment, Agriculture, Stock Farming in Europe, Numbers I-XVII, Mantua, Italy, 1990-1993. Mantova: Camera di Commercio, Industria Artigianato E Agricultura. 86-87 Strauch, D., (Ed.) (1987). Animal production and environmental health. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing, Inc. 88 Strauch, D. and Ballarini, G. (1994). Hygienic aspects of the production and agricultural use of animal wastes. J. Vet. Med. B, 41:176-228. 89 Sequi, P. and Voorburg, J.H., rapporteurs. (1993). Environment, agriculture, stock farming: The basic problem (IV). Report of the Scientific Committee of the European Conference on Environment, Agriculture, Stock Farming in Europe, Numbers I-XVII, Mantua, Italy, 1990-1993. Mantova: Camera di Commercio, Industria Artigianato E Agricultura. 90 Juste, C. and Spallacci, P., rapporteurs. (1993). Effect of animal effluent applications on soil behaviour (VIII). Report of the scientific committee of the European Conference on Environment, Agriculture, Stock Farming in Europe, Numbers I-XVII, Mantua, Italy, 1990-1993. Mantova: Camera di Commercio, Industria Artigianato E Agricultura. 91 Sequi, P., rapporteur. (1993). The basic problem (II). Report of the scientific committee of the European Conference on Environment, Agriculture, Stock Farming in Europe, Numbers I-XVII, Mantua, Italy, 1990-1993. Mantova: Camera di Commercio, Industria Artigianato E Agricultura. http://www.iatp.org/hogreport/sec3.html (23 of 23)2/27/2006 3:50:08 AM
Section 4 IV. Part of the Pig Really Does Fly Sub-sections: Odorous and Toxic Emissions Air Pollution Impacts on Neighbors Pollutants in Rain Deposition Greenhouse Gasses Produced Potential Solutions Some Strategies and Action Alternatives for Clean Air from Animal Production References | Next Section | | Table of Contents | | Home Page | Part of the Pig Really Does Fly Gasses emitted from liquid manure (slurry) lagoons and intensive livestock confinement buildings are having detrimental effects, not only on neighbors' quality of life, but also on their physical and mental health. Ammonia released from the surface of liquid manure storage structures also contributes to ammonia deposition in rainfall that can cause excessive growth of algae in surface waters and the loss of aquatic life due to oxygen depletion. Methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are known to contribute to global warming. The problem results from the anaerobic (absence of free oxygen) nature of manure that has been liquefied by the addition of water. 1 The decomposition of liquid manure by anaerobic bacteria during storage and treatment produces and emits nearly 400 volatile organic compounds. 2 Animal factories need not be large to create a problem. Prior to the mid- 1980s, most small, independent farmers raised their animals in bedded shelters or barns with access to pastures and handled manure as a solid. This practice caused few neighbor complaints and few environmental problems. Increasingly, to save on labor and because it is the technology recommended by the industry and agricultural advisors at land grant universities, smaller farmers have adopted liquid manure handling systems. These farmers also can create detrimental effects, albeit on a more localized scale. Odorous and Toxic Emissions Compounds identified in liquid manure emissions include sulfides, disulfides, organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, fixed gasses, nitogen heterocycles, mercaptans, carbonyls, and esters. 3 Also identified are carcinogens such as benzene 4 and the mutagen phosphane. 5 These compounds also may be found in emissions from cattle and hog slurry biogas processing plants. In addition to gasses, disease molecules can be carried on the wind for miles, potentially affecting the health of animals on other farms. 6 When manure is not liquefied and bedding is used, the soiled bedding is stored in a solid form. Sufficient bedding creates a porous mixture wherein free air space provides conditions suitable for aerobic microbes to flourish. 7 Decomposition of solid manure by aerobic bacteria begins a heating process called composting. 8 This decomposition process produces heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Only ammonia is http://www.iatp.org/hogreport/sec4.html (1 of 15)2/27/2006 3:50:10 AM
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Table of Contents Marlene Halverson
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Section 0 The choice as to whether
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Section 0 massive quantities of gro
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Section 0 quantities far exceeding
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Section 0 hog factories avoid the e
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Section 0 Alternatively, we can try
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Section 1 I. Are Independent Farmer
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Section 1 programs were put in plac
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Section 1 and consolidating their o
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Section 1 Farm Credit [Service] is
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Section 1 results despite a $58.6 m
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Section 1 sell on the spot or cash
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Section 1 costs to ignoring the fac
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Section 1 Rationale: Independent ho
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Section 1 animals and definition of
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Section 1 Agriculture. 16 U.S. Depa
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Section 1 46-47 Ostmeyer, A. (1999,
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Section 1 77 Thornsbury, S., Kambha
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Section 2 Safety Some Strategies an
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Section 2 oxygen for complete fuel
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Section 2 cure bacterial diseases b
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Section 2 reach humans, including:
Page 47 and 48: Section 2 microorganisms in the env
Page 49 and 50: Section 2 bacteria, but it saw no r
Page 51 and 52: Section 2 use of penicillin and tet
Page 53 and 54: Section 2 few problems adjusting. M
Page 55 and 56: Section 2 The Swedish thus regard i
Page 57 and 58: Section 2 marketed, discounted to t
Page 59 and 60: Section 2 destroyed, leaving behind
Page 61 and 62: Section 2 and practices that make a
Page 63 and 64: Section 2 of Minnesota, Biosystems
Page 65 and 66: Section 2 41 Backström, L. (1999,
Page 67 and 68: Section 2 Washington, DC: National
Page 69 and 70: Section 2 96-98 National Research C
Page 71 and 72: Section 2 SOU 1997:132 Del 2 (pdf-f
Page 73 and 74: Section 2 147 Ault, D. (1994). A ge
Page 75 and 76: Section 2 169 Ibid. 170 Ibid. http:
Page 77 and 78: Section 3 Receiving minimal day-to-
Page 79 and 80: Section 3 Hog Factory Impacts on Gr
Page 81 and 82: Section 3 In 1998, the U.S. Geologi
Page 83 and 84: Section 3 and creating setback dist
Page 85 and 86: Section 3 of nutrients in the Bay c
Page 87 and 88: Section 3 that lagoons begin to lea
Page 89 and 90: Section 3 native organic matter poo
Page 91 and 92: Section 3 Help preserve local contr
Page 93 and 94: Section 3 25 Ritter, W.F. & Chirnsi
Page 95 and 96: Section 3 American Prospect online,
Page 97: Section 3 68 Understanding the Poll
Page 101 and 102: Section 4 centuries. In 1713, an It
Page 103 and 104: Section 4 and 44 control participan
Page 105 and 106: Section 4 out carbon dioxide. Plant
Page 107 and 108: Section 4 additional systems in the
Page 109 and 110: Section 4 pollution-reducing option
Page 111 and 112: Section 4 18 Robbin Marks, Natural
Page 113 and 114: Section 4 59-61 Bird, E. and Strang
Page 115 and 116: Section 5 made up of the trust and
Page 117 and 118: Section 5 designation" for their pr
Page 119 and 120: Section 5 Pollution Shopping by Cor
Page 121 and 122: Section 5 environmental laws, and a
Page 123 and 124: Section 5 alternatives to the propo
Page 125 and 126: Section 5 Corporate farm operations
Page 127 and 128: Section 5 The EPA further concluded
Page 129 and 130: Section 5 ❍ an investigation of t
Page 131 and 132: Section 5 decision by Judge Kornman
Page 133 and 134: Section 5 and other training for it
Page 135 and 136: Section 5 grounds that it was a pub
Page 137 and 138: Section 5 · Operating a facility h
Page 139 and 140: Section 5 portions of an industrial
Page 141 and 142: Section 5 practices that favor the
Page 143 and 144: Section 5 investors in animal facto
Page 145 and 146: Section 5 Health Department. Herald
Page 147 and 148: Section 5 55 RESPEC. (1998, August)
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Section 5 to Eric Nixon, regarding
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Section 5 126 Ozark Sierra Club. (2
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Section 6 | Next Section | | Table
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Section 6 about the effects of inte
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Section 6 Today, there is a special
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Section 6 persist in milk and some
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Section 6 In some of the largest ho
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Section 6 Population density inside
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Section 6 widespread abuses of anim
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Section 6 Weaning pigs when they ar
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Section 6 Ironically, the creation
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Section 6 compatible alternatives t
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Section 6 Office. 13 Dawkins, M.S.
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Section 6 37 Broom, D.M., Dantzer,
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Section 6 IPVS Special Report. B Ph
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Section 6 Obstacles and opportuniti
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Section 6 http://www.iatp.org/hogre
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Section 7 The Campaign for Family F
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Section 7 struggle to compete with
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Section 7 The South Carolina Coasta
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Section 7 groups can litigate again
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Section 7 Clean Water Fund has been
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Section 7 sustainable production me
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Section 8 VIII. Funder to Funder Su
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Section 8 report presents strong ev
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Section 9 no unwarrantably limit th
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Contacts Contacts Alabama Arkansas
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Contacts Georgia Daphne Walker Ohoo
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Contacts Teresa Opheim Iowa Environ
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Contacts Dave Dempsey Michigan Envi
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Contacts Montana Jim Jensen Montana
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Contacts Mark Trechock Dakota Resou
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Contacts Bill Berry Concerned Citiz
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Contacts John H. Davidson Midwest A
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Contacts Larry Barker Buckingham Ci
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Contacts Dan Heilig Wyoming Outdoor
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Contacts Rob Perks/Todd Robins Publ
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Funders Mary Stake Hawker, Director
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Funders Vic DeLuca Jessie Smith Noy
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Photo Galleries People Back to Main
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disease Photo Gallery: Disease Back
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Flooding Photo Gallery: Flooding Ba
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Cartoons Cartoons Back to Main Page
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cartoon1 Previous / Next Index Page
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cartoon11 Previous / Next Index Pag
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cartoon13 Previous / Next Index Pag
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cartoon9 Previous Index Page http:/
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