THE PLANTAR REFLEX - RePub

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DEJERINE, ]., and LEVY V j\LENSI, J. (1911). Parap!t~gie cervicale d'origine rraumatique. :Ecrasement de !a moelle epiniere au niveau du VIle segment cervical. Abolition de Ia motilite et de la sensibilite au-dessous de Ia lesion. Limitation radiculaire des troubles moteurs et sensitifs au-dessus de Ia lesion. Abolition des reflexes tendineux. Conservation des reflexes cutanes. Troubles vaso-moteurs et sudoraux. R.ertte nettrologique, 22, 141-144. 1341 DEJERINE,J., and LONG, E. (1912). Exam en hisrologique d'un cas de section complete de Ia moelle cervicale inferieure, d'origine tmumatique. Revue neurologique, 24, 769-776. I l4, 110 I DEJERINE,J., and MOUZON, J. (1914). Sur l'etat des reflexes dans un cas de section rotale de Ia moelle epiniere. Rel/·ue neurologique, 27, 201-205. [11 0, 11 5"1 DE]ER1NE,J, DEJERINE, A., and MOUZON,.). (1915). Sur I' em des ceflexes dans les sections completes de Ia moelle epinihe. ReP!te 1tettrologiqtte. 28, 155-1 67 Ill 0, 115 I DESCARTES, R. (1664). L'homme. Paris: Angor. [19[ D!AMANTOPOULOS, E, and ZANDER OLSEN, P. (1967). Excitability of motumeurones in spinal shock in man. Journal of Neurology, Neuro.rurger)" and P.!)IChiatJ)', lO, 427-431. [116] DIETRICH, H. F. (1957). A longitudinal study of the Babinski and plantar grasp reflexes in infancy. American Journal of DiJea.feJ of Children. 94, 265-271. 143, 45 I DIMITRIJEVIC, M. R., and NATHAN, P. W. (1968). Studies of spasticity in man. 3 Analysis of reflex activity evoked by noxious cutaneous stimulation. Brain, 91, 349-368. 135,81,82,1391 DOHRMANN, G.]. and NOWACK, W.J (1973). The upgoing gceat toe - optimal method of elicitation. Lancet, i, 339-341. 162, 105] DOHRMANN, G. J., and NOWACK, W. J. (1974). Relationship between various clinical signs in lesions of the descending motor system. DisedSe.r of the nervou.r Sptern, 35,375-377 [119[ DOOLING, E. C., and ADAMS, R. D. (1975). The pathologic anatomy of post-hemiplegic athetosis. Brain, 98, 29-48. ! 38 I DOSU:iKOV, T. (19.)2). The plantar reflex, irs signification, the methods of its examination and the causes of some diagnostic errors. Journal of nervottJ and mental Di.rease, 75, 374-383. j41, 45, 101, 105, 142] DROBNY, M., PlfHA, V., and FUNDAREK,J. (1974!. Babinskeho reflex pri sp::tsrickfch a hyporonick}·ch centd.lnych parezach. CeJkoslovensk!i. Nettrologie a Neurothirurgie, 37, 170-175. [74[ DROOGLEEVER FORTUYN, J. (1958). Her aandeel van het ruggemerg in de motorische functie. Neder!andJ TZidJchrift voor genee.r:kunde. 102, II, 857-S)l.l. [481 ECCLES, R. M., and LUNDBERG, A. 0959). Supraspinal control of inrerneurones mediaring spinal reflexes. Journal of Physiolo[!.y, 147, 565-584. [ 140] Editorial (1954). Observer error. L:mcet, i, 87-88. [51] Editorial (1960). The sign of Babinski. Lancet, i, 321-322. 1116] ELLIOTT, T. R., and WALSHE, F. M. R. (1925). The Babinski or extensor form of plantar response in toxic stares - apart from organic disease of the pyramidal tract system. Lmcet. i, 65-68. 1111, 1121 162
EL-SHERBINI, K. B. (1971). False Babinski sign in poliomyelitis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 52, 130-132. !101] ENGLANDER, R.N., NETSKY, M.G., and ADELMAN, L S. (1975). Localisation of the human pyramidal tract in the internal capsule: anatomic evidence. Neum!og.;', 25, 823-826. [114 1 ENGSTLER, G. (1905). Ueber den FuBsohlenreflex und das Babinski-Ph3.nomen bei tausend Kindem der ersten Lebensjahre. Wiener klinische Wochemchrift, 18, 567-'569. [44, 47[ EPPS, C. van (1901 ). The Babinski reflex. Journal of nervous and mental Disec/Se, 28, 214-223 [30, 44[ ERB, W. (1875). Ueber Sehnenreflexe bei Gesunden und bei Rlickenmarkskranken. Archiv fUr Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 5, 792-802. I 261 ESKRIDGE,]. T. (1901). Some remarks on the plantar reflex, with especial reference to the Babinski phenomenon. Journal of the American medical ASJociation, 36, 179-183, 257-259. [27, 89] FAIRBANKS, A. W. (1911). The contralateral plantar reflex. Review of Neurology and Psychiatry, 9, 225-240. [37, 110[ FAY, T. (1955). The probable origin and purpose of the superficial reflex, known as the sign of Babinski. Confinia neumlorica, 15, 63-68. I 48] FELDMAN, W. M. (1922). The nature of the plantar reflex in early life and the causes of its variations. American Journal of DiJeases of Children, 23, 1-40. [45, 46] FERRIER, D. (1900). Le diagnostic de l'hemiplegie organique et l'hemiplegie hysterique (XIIW:me Congres International de Medecine). RePu.e neuro!ogique. 8, 698-699. I 27] FINIZIO, G. (1900). Le reflexe de la plante du pied chez les nouveaux-nes. Comptes rendus XllliCme CongrCJ international de M&decine, Paris, 5, :"89-403. Po1ris: Masson. [44[ FISHER, C. M., and CURRY, H. B. (1965). Pure motor hemiplegia of vascular origin. Archive.r of Neurology, 13, 30-43. [114] FLEISCHNER, E. C. (1910). The plantar reflex in infancy and childhood, with special reference tO the value of the Babinski phenomenon during this period. Archive.r of Pediatrics, 27,586-592. 144] FLETCHER, C. M. (1952). The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema - an experimental study. Proceeding.r of the Royal Society of Medicine, 45, 577-SS!i. [53] FOERSTER, 0. (1913). Der meningo-zerebellare Symptomenkomplex bei fieberhaften Erkrankungen ruberkulOser Individuen. N eurolor;isches Centrtt!blatt. 32, 1414-1421. [11 ![ FORSTER, F. M., and CAMPBELL,]. B. (19i"J2). The sign of Babinski in macaca mulatta. Journal of nert·ott.r and mentd/ Disea.re. 96, 49.1-.198. \114] FRAENKEL, ]., and COLLINS, ]. (1900). A clinical study of some reflexes. ]rmrnct! of nert'OttJ and mental DiJea.re, 27, 375-385. \27] FRIEDLAENDER, R. (1904). Die Hautreflexe an den unreren Extremit\iten unter normalen und pathologischen Verh8.ltnissen. DeHtJche Zeit.rchrift fiir Nen}enheilkunde, 26,412-136. [29,42,68, 110[ 163
Page 1 and 2:
THE PLANTAR REFLEX a historical, cl
Page 3 and 4:
THE PLANTAR REFLEX A HISTORICAL, CL
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Aan mijn ouders Aan Carien, Maarten
Page 8 and 9:
TELEOLOGICAL SPECULATIONS - science
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- EMG result and 'final' neurologic
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS figure page 1
Page 16 and 17:
Electromyographic recording from mu
Page 19 and 20:
The plantar reflex before Babinski
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viz. those of Striimpell (1899), Op
Page 23 and 24:
These early reports did not reach m
Page 25 and 26:
Charcot's concepts about hysteria w
Page 27 and 28:
TABLE I STUDIES CONFIRMING BABINSKI
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False positive findings? Babinski's
Page 31 and 32:
FLEXION AND EXTENSION SYNERGIES The
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confirmed by Walshe (1914). His is
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esult in disappearance of the Babin
Page 37 and 38:
without an ipsilateral upgoing toe
Page 39 and 40:
RIVAL SIGNS Confusion When Babinski
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8. Stroking the anterior surface of
Page 43 and 44:
Contradictory findings THE PLANTAR
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Bersot 1920,'2! ? X ]l 2 Burr 1921
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curious case of one healthy infant
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9. Infants under one year of age ge
Page 53 and 54:
INTRODUCTION Observer error: examin
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following a suggestion that most re
Page 57 and 58:
TABLE IV INFORMATION PRECEDING THE
Page 59 and 60:
TABLE VI RATINGS OF 'INFORMATION' G
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unm i stakab I y upward possibly up
Page 63 and 64:
Clinical experience appeared to be
Page 65:
CHAPTER III BABINSKI SIGN: STIMULUS
Page 68 and 69:
TABLE VII CLINICAL COMMENTS ON THE
Page 70 and 71:
Normal plantar response: flexor hal
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I. rn. extensor hallucis longus 2.
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TABLE VIII OCCURRENCE OF REFLEX ACT
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ecruited and even interrupted by EH
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value (the minimal stimulus intensi
Page 80 and 81:
FIGURE 8 Relative dimen.riom and we
Page 82 and 83:
the two separate bursts of electrom
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5. In general, reflex effects produ
Page 87 and 88:
INTRODUCTION When is an upgoing toe
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stimulated side diminishes extensor
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30 patients with equivocal plantar
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A FHB EHL E TA EHL c FHB TA _j1mV 5
Page 95 and 96:
Inexperienced observer An additiona
Page 97 and 98:
patient 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sex F M M F F
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Practical use of the flexion reflex
Page 101 and 102:
1. Contraction of the tibialis ante
Page 103 and 104:
FHB I ! ¥ _j 02 FHB ...,. r~~a..,.
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Finally the method of stimulation.
Page 107:
CHAPTER V THE BABINSKI SIGN AND THE
Page 110 and 111:
TABLE XIV THEORIES INVOKING A SUPRA
Page 112 and 113: change of the plantar reflex was of
Page 114 and 115: An upgoing toe response in lower pr
Page 116 and 117: noticed no special features, and of
Page 118 and 119: 'pyramidal syndrome' were not. Thei
Page 120 and 121: movements, but also the capacity to
Page 122 and 123: - rapid foot tapping on the couch,
Page 124 and 125: TABLE XVI FREQUENCY OF V ARlO US SI
Page 126 and 127: ~ N 0\ TABLE XVIII PATIENTS WITH A
Page 128 and 129: ~ N 00 TABLE XIX LACK OF CORRELATIO
Page 130 and 131: ~ '->' 0 TABLE XX PATIENTS SHOWING
Page 132 and 133: 3. BABINSKI SIGNS APPEARING IN OR D
Page 134 and 135: --------------~~- ~ '-" TARLE XXI "
Page 136 and 137: DISCUSSION Two principal features e
Page 138 and 139: patients in the first group in whom
Page 140 and 141: The most striking examples of Babin
Page 142 and 143: eflex arc must have its impact at o
Page 144 and 145: hallucis longus motoneurones to seg
Page 146 and 147: 9. The paradoxical downward toe res
Page 148 and 149: showed very little agreement with t
Page 150 and 151: A second condition to be fulfilled
Page 152 and 153: eide met dubieuze voetzoolreflexen,
Page 154 and 155: waarin de Babinski-reflex verdween,
Page 156 and 157: BABINSKI,]. (1885). Recherches sur
Page 158 and 159: approche d'une interpretation du si
Page 160 and 161: BUCK, D. de, and MOOR, L. de (1900)
Page 164 and 165: FRIEDMAN, E. D. (1920). On a possib
Page 166 and 167: GROSS, F. (1971). The Emperor"s clo
Page 168 and 169: IIDA, M., and BASMAJIAN,]. V. (1974
Page 170 and 171: LANDAU, W. M., and CLARE, M. H. (19
Page 172 and 173: MANFREDI, M., SACCO, G., and SIDER!
Page 174 and 175: NYBERG-HANSEN, R., and RINVIK, E. (
Page 176 and 177: lombo-sacrCe avec amyotrophie globa
Page 178 and 179: STRDMPELL, A. VON (1887). Ueber ein
Page 180 and 181: WALSHE, F. M. R. (1956). The Babins
Page 183 and 184: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for
Page 185: CURRICULUM VITAE De schrijver van d
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